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The Rise of Totalitarianism. Totalitarianism. Government by a dictator who demands absolute loyalty to the authority of the state Methods used: One political party State control of the economy Use of secret police to enforce state policy Strict censorship of media Use of propaganda
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Totalitarianism • Government by a dictator who demands absolute loyalty to the authority of the state • Methods used: • One political party • State control of the economy • Use of secret police to enforce state policy • Strict censorship of media • Use of propaganda • Unquestioning obedience
War in Europe “You were given the choice between war and dishonour. You chose dishonour and you will have war.” “I have returned from Germany with peace for our time.”
War in Europe WHY?
War in Europe The Nazi “Blitzkrieg” (Lightning War) Poland’s Defense
Winston Churchill • 1874 – 1965 (life) • 1940-45 & 1951-55 (British Prime Minister) • Although Britain now stood alone against Germany, they remained defiant, with Churchill vowing “… we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender”
The Axis Powers • In September 1940, a new mega-alliance was created with the signing of the Tripartite Pact • The pact formally joined Italy, Germany, and Japan in a military alliance • Each power expected to control its own sphere of interest – Germany would dominate Europe and Russia, Italy would dominate the Mediterranean and Africa, while Japan would have sway in East Asia and the Pacific