Discussions of GV for ATTREX

1. Discussions of GV for ATTREX Laura Pan and Bill Randel

2. Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics Co-PIs: Elliot Atlas, Laura Pan, Ross Salawitch January-February 2014 Guam

3. Motivations • The unique chemical environment and transport pathway created by deep convection over the western Pacific in N. winter • Opportunity of coordinated flights to sample from the ocean surface to lower stratosphere

4. Low Ozone and Convection Folkins et al., 2002

5. Low ozone conditions observed by Airborne LIDAR and Ozonesondes Lidar O3 observations from PEM WEST-B O3 seasonal cycle 1998-2008 SHADOZ/Fiji Feb 1994, along ~ 140 E Crawford et al., 1997, Newell et al., 1997 Thompson et al., 2011

6. Markus Rex, IUGG talk

7. Monthly TCO Climatology from OMI (2004-2011)

8. Kley et al., 1996

9. Multi-year climatology from WACCM-SD

10. Models predict high levels of reactive halogens, low ozone and OH, with significant loss of O3 due to halogen cycles. CONTRAST will test these model predictions. Model predictions from CAM-CHEM O3 OH CH2Br2 CHBr3

11. Lifetimes of key species for stratospheric composition In days: “standard OH” “OH hole” CH3Br 1429 286 25 18 CHBr3 CH2Br2 SO2 gas phase 13 340 69 7 OH: GEOS Chem Courtesy Markus Rex

12. Significance of WP Convection to the Transport across the TTL Bergman et al., 2012

13. Opportunity of Coordinated Flights GH GV BAe146

14. CONTRAST: Scientific Objectives • Characterize the chemical composition and ozone photochemical budget at the level of convective outflow over the Western Pacific during the deep convective season • Evaluate the budget of organic and inorganic bromine and iodine in the TTL • Investigate transport pathways from the oceanic surface to the tropopause using the GV coordinated flights with BAe-146 and Global Hawk

15. CONTRAST – Hypotheses and Goals The photochemical budget of O3 in the tropical TTL is determined by the strength of inputs of chemical precursors from convection and lightning. The low O3 environment of air undergoing recent, deep convection will increase the atmospheric lifetime of halocarbons lost by reaction with OH. CH2Br2, CHBr3, and other VSL bromocarbons will be elevated in air parcels that have undergone recent deep convection will remain elevated in the TTL When CBry and CCIy species decompose, the resulting inorganic species remain as labile, gas phase species. Coordinated aircraft measurements can quantify the relative importance of convective detrainment, deep convective injection, and lateral mixing for trace gas transport from the surface to the stratosphere, based on observations in the tropical TTL.

16. CONTRAST Operations Mission Dates: 15 Jan – 28 Feb, 2014 Location: Guam Science Research Flights: 96 hrs + transit flight

17. GV CONTRAST Payload 9 crew members, 13 instruments Mission Coordinator Data System Technician Video Operator DOAS CDP HARP Operator Operator Operator TOGA 2DC UHSAS VCSEL NOx AWAS GT-CIMS Mission Scientist FO3, CO,PICARRO

18. CONTRAST Payload (1)

19. CONTRAST Payload (2)

20. CONTRAST – Forecast and Modeling

21. Convection and the Anticyclonic Circulation “Gill Solution” 2013 JF mean, ONI: -0.6

22. Statistical Distribution and Structure of the Convective Systems See Chuntao Liu’s talk later

23. Flight Scenarios and Modules (strawman for discussions) • Domain Survey – 2-3 flights + transit flight and part of other flights • Fresh convective outflow – main part of 2-3 flights • Lagrangian flight – 4 flights • Photochemistry evolution (a) Dusk flight – 2 flights, (b)Dawn Flight – 1-2 flights • Contrast flight – northern domain & jet crossing, 1 flight

24. The CONTRAST Domain and Airspace Considerations “jet stream, contrast” RJTG - Tokyo RORG- Naha “Lagrangian” N older air for photochemical evolution RPHI - Manila E W KZOA - Oakland S ANAU- Nauri AYPY - Port Moresby AGGG- Honiara “fresh outflow” YBBB-Brisbane

25. Thank You !