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Care of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW)

Learn about the classification of low birth weight (LBW) babies, risk factors, prevention and control strategies, problems and management, importance of breastfeeding, signs of correct attachment, artificial feeding indications and risks, and the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI).

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Care of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW)

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  1. Care of Low Birth Weight Babies(LBW) Ms.Umarani

  2. CLASSIFICATION OF Low birth weight (LBW ) BABIES • As per Gestational age • Pre-term • Term • Post term • As per birth weight • Small for gestational age/date(SGA/SFD): birth weight <10 thpercentile • Large for gestational age/date(LGA/LFD): birth weight >40 thpercentile • Appropriate for gestational age/date(AGA) • birth weight between 10 th and 40th percentile

  3. Low birth weight baby < 2500gm • Very low birth weight baby <1500gm • Very very low birth weight baby <1000gm

  4. Risk factors for LBW • Malnutrition • Severe anaemia • Infection • Unregulated fertility • Age(<16 yr) • Hard physical work during pregnancy • Smoking

  5. Prevention and control of LBW • Dietary improvements • IFA tablets • Controlling infections • Early detection and treatment of disorders • Family planning

  6. Problems of LBW neonates • Respiratory distress • Hypoglycemia • Hypothermia • Intracranial hemorrhage • Sepsis • Anemia and polycythemia • Feeding and other GI problems • PDA • Retrolental fibroplasia

  7. Management of LBW babies • WEIGHT <1.5 KG • Intensive care • Feeding • Antibiotics • Incubatory care(Temp.,Humidity,Oxygen) • Kangaroo Mother Care WEIGHT >1.5 KG • Incubatory care(Temp.,Humidity,Oxygen) • Radiant warmer • Kangaroo Mother Care • Infant Feeding -Bottle feeding / Breast feeding

  8. Global Recommendations for feeding • Colostrum • Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months • Continue breastfeeding for up to 2 years or more • Introduce nutritionally adequate and safe • complementary foods after the age of 6 months

  9. Importance OF COLOSTRUM • Antibody -protects from infection and allergy • White cells - protects from infection • Purgative - clears meconium; helps prevent jaundice • Growth factors - helps intestine mature; • prevents allergy • Vitamin A -reduces severity of infections; • prevents eye diseases

  10. Cont… • Breastfeed on demand • Show mothers how to breastfeed • Tell her how to maintain lactation • if she is separated from the infant • 8-10 times or more in 24 hours • Breastfeed at night also • No restrictions on length/numbers of breastfeeds

  11. benefits of breast feeding • Available easily • Allergic condition reduced • Anti-microbial factors • Best food for infant • Bonding between mother and child • Body shape returns quickly back to pre-pregnancy level • Breast cancer risk reduced

  12. Cont… • Bleeding reduced • Biochemical advantages (Prevents hypocalcaemia & hypomagnesaemia) • Clean • Cheap • Development of IQ, jaw, mouth • Digested easily

  13. Signs of correct attachment • Signs of correct attachment • mouth wide open • lower lip is turned outside • chin touching the breast • areola of breast not visible below the lower lip • areola of breast and nipple are inside baby’s mouth • tongue under the teat

  14. Helping Mothers with Breast Problems • Fullness • Engorgement • Mastitis • Breast abscess • Cracked nipple • Sore nipple • Inverted nipple

  15. INDICATIONS FOR Artificial Feeding • Mother very ill/died/unavoidably absent • Failure of breast milk production • Mother rejects infant • Principles of artificial feeding • 1.Think of infants requirements: Energy:100kC/kg Protein: • 2 g/kg Carbohydrate:10 g/kg 2.After 4 months diluted milk can be used • 3.Feeding 6-8 times (during illness more feeds)

  16. What can be used for artificial feeding? • 1.Dried milk • Dried whole milk • Simple to reconstitute • Fortified with vitamins • Expensive • 2.Cow’s milk • Cheap • Easily available • Dilute with water for <4 months infant • (25-33% water) • Add sugar (5-10 gm)

  17. Risks of artificial feeding For child: • diarrhoea and respiratory infections • allergy and milk intolerance • infant mortality • malnutrition,Vitamin A deficiency • chronic diseases (DM,hypertension) • Lower IQ • For mother: • interferes with bonding • pregnancy sooner • overweight • anaemia • ovarian and breast cancer

  18. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) • Launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF • 1.Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated to all health care staff • 2.Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement • this policy • 3. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding • 4. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within a half an hour of birth • 5. Show mothers how to breastfeed, and how to maintain lactation even if they should be separated from their infants

  19. Cont… • 6 . Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated • 7.Practice rooming-in : allow mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours • 8.Encourage breastfeeding on demand • 9.Give no artificial teats or pacifiers (dummies or soothers) to breastfeeding infants • 10.Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital

  20. Thank you...

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