Teacher Tips

1. Teacher Tips From the FOUR component processes of Bandura’sObservational Learning Model Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

2. What were the 4 processes? • Attention • Retention • Motor reproduction • Motivation Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

3. Attention – modelled events Give the learner CUES to look out for Ask questions to see if cues worked Can learner describe the event in own words? Provide “proficient models who possess the competencies to which students aspire” (Bandura. 1977) Encourage ‘chunking’ of information Scaffold information – ie, build on prior knowledge Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

4. Attention – modelled events • Allow plenty of opportunity for learners to be exposed to the model • Offer some form of reward or ratification • Ensure the learners know why they’re observing the modelling, and how it will benefit them Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

5. Attention – observer characteristics • Be aware of differences • Check for understanding • Never ASSUME – it makes an ASS out of U and ME • Be aware of previously developed cognitive structures and perceptual set • Take these acquired preferences intoaccount when planning lessons Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

6. Attention – observer characteristics • Use a variety of teaching strategies • Be aware of students with sensory disabilities and prepare lessons accordingly • As well as you can, plan for most new learning to be introduced when students are at their peak performance • Experiment with ways of increasing the learners’ arousal levels Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

7. Retention • Help learners to develop metacognitive skills, ie incorporate: Planning  monitoring  evaluation • Verbalise – model aloud – so your learners can “see” your cognition • Remove distractions • Simplify things to begin with • Frequently expose students to the modelling • Cue learners Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

8. Retention Associate information with like or related pieces of information Use cues, and provide feedback Encourage learners to mentally experience modelling Provide plenty of hands-on activities where students can replicate the modelling Provide timely positive feedback Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

9. Motor Reproduction Verbalise and model aloud your own thinking processes for the benefit of students. Provide a variety of modelling experiences so access is available to everyone in some form Communicate with peers and consultants Provide plenty of hands-on activities where students can reproduce the modelling time and time again Provide timely corrective feedback regularly. Stay positive. Encourage learners to succeed. Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

10. Motivation • Internal rewards and vicarious reinforcement = more important • Internalisation of values and maintenance of behaviour require the types of incentives mentioned in the last point • Model self-regulation and a value of learning • Have an awareness that abstract concepts and rules for behaviour are being taught by you • Display similar models to the observer (not expert) and ensure modelling is a positive experience • Treat adult learners at a level of equal status Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model

11. Just a reminder … Teacher Tips - Observational Learning Model