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WORLD WAR I

WORLD WAR I. The “Great War” from 1914-1918. M.A.I.N Causes. M – Militarism : Aggressive strengthening of forces A – Alliances : Agreement to help out another nation I – Imperialism : Acquiring colonies and an empire N – Nationalism : Strong feeling of pride in one’s nation

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WORLD WAR I

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  1. WORLD WAR I The “Great War” from 1914-1918

  2. M.A.I.N Causes M – Militarism: Aggressive strengthening of forces A – Alliances: Agreement to help out another nation I – Imperialism: Acquiring colonies and an empire N – Nationalism: Strong feeling of pride in one’s nation • All European nations experiencing these 4 situations in 1914

  3. The Spark • Austria-Hungary wanted to get Bosnia, which Serbia wanted also • On June 28, 1914, Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sofie, are killed by Gavrilo Principe, a Serbian terrorist • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia – World War I begins!

  4. Central Powers • 1 – Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • 2 – Bulgaria • 3 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

  5. Allies • 1- Triple Entente • France • Russia • Great Britain • 2 – Serbia • 3 – Romania • 4 – Greece • 5 – Belgium • 6 – The United States (1917)

  6. Schleiffen Plan • Germany would go through Belgium to crush France • Germans halted at the Marne River by the French Army • Stalemate (deadlock) at the Western Front

  7. Modern Warfare • Trench Warfare • “No Man’s Land” • Dead bodies • Rats and Lice • Soldiers slept in mud and rain • Lived off dried beef, hard biscuits, and canned emergency rations

  8. Modern Warfare • Poison Gas • Mustard • Chlorine

  9. Modern Warfare • Tanks • U-boats • Airplanes

  10. 1917 – The United States Enters the War • Reasons the U.S. got into the war: 1 - Propaganda: The spread of ideas that help one cause and hurt another • “Preserve Democracy!”

  11. 1917 – The United States Enters the War • 2 – Lusitania: A British passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German u-boat – 128 Americans killed

  12. 1917 – The United States Enters the War • 3 – Zimmermann Telegram: Germany promised Mexico that if Mexico sided with Germany, they would get back Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas

  13. Americans in the Service • Selective Service Act: “The Draft” – required men between the ages of 18-45 to register for military service

  14. Americans in the Service • Doughboys: nickname for the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • Led by General John “Blackjack” Pershing • 360,000 African Americans joined in separate units • Women served as nurses, secretaries, and translators

  15. Financing the War • 1 – Raised income taxes • 2 – Liberty war bonds • 3 – Lend money to Allies to buy food/supplies • 4 – Food Administration headed by Herbert Hoover

  16. Reactions to the War • Pacifists: People who are against war under any circumstances • Congress was afraid opposition would hurt the war effort • National War Labor Board(1918): helped workers and management avoid strikes and reach agreements

  17. Reactions to the War • Espionage Act: Set strict penalties for anyone who interfered with recruiting soldiers or made statements that hinder the war effort • Sedition Act: It was illegal to utter disloyal statements about the Constitution, the government, the flag, or the Armed Forces • The Supreme Court in 1919 allowed the government to suspend free speech during war time

  18. The End of the War • Bolshevik Revolution • Headed by Vladimir Lenin • 1917 – Czar Nicholas II abdicates (leaves) the throne • 1917 – Nicholas and family are killed • Russia is out of the war • Communism: equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property • Last German Offensive • Germany launches a last offensive • Germany stopped at Bellau Wood

  19. Wilson’s 14 Points • Armistice (truce) is signed on November 11, 1918 – 8 million soldiers killed • Wilson’s Peace Treaty = 14 Points 1. Freedom of the seas – lower the number of weapons and no secret alliances 2. Self – Determination: right of a country to decide how they want to be governed 3. League of Nations (now called the United Nations)

  20. Treaty of Versailles • BIG FOUR: • Woodrow Wilson – U.S. • David Lloyd George – Great Britain • Georges Clemenceau – France • Vittorio Orlando - Italy

  21. Treaty of Versailles • Mission: PUNISH GERMANY • Germany had to pay $33 billion in war reparations and dismantle its entire army • U.S. rejected treaty and did not join League of Nations • Germany’s punishment from World War I led to the rise of Adolf Hitler in 1933

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