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BIOLOGY 457/657 PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE & ESTUARINE ANIMALS

BIOLOGY 457/657 PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE & ESTUARINE ANIMALS. March 31, 2004 SENSES IN THE SEA: STIMULI. SENSORY STIMULI. The submarine environment is very different from the terrestrial one. Virtually all stimuli differ in their properties from analogous stimuli in air.

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BIOLOGY 457/657 PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE & ESTUARINE ANIMALS

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  1. BIOLOGY 457/657PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE & ESTUARINE ANIMALS March 31, 2004 SENSES IN THE SEA: STIMULI

  2. SENSORY STIMULI The submarine environment is very different from the terrestrial one. Virtually all stimuli differ in their properties from analogous stimuli in air. Sensory Modalities of Marine/Estuarine Animals & Appropriate Stimuli Vision Light Audition (hearing) High-frequency vibration Chemical senses Compounds in solution or on surfaces Mechanical senses Touch, pressure, flow Magnetic senses Magnetic fields Electromagnetic senses Electromagnetic fields Equilibrium Motion, balance, orientation Stimulus detection depends on the interactions of stimulus and receptor.

  3. The Nature of Stimuli in the Sea Light Stimuli: (To be covered in detail later in the course) Sound Stimuli: Compare underwater & atmospheric acoustics. AIR WATER Sound Speed 340 m/s 1,500 m/s Scattering No good scatterers Many scatterers Speed Profile Large change with altitude Small changes with depth (up to 300%) (< 6%) Ambient Noise Low High Propagation Long range is rare Long range is frequent Reciprocity None, due to winds Always reciprocal

  4. Sound Stimuli: Effectiveness of Propagation (From Rogers & Cox, 1988)

  5. Sound Stimuli: Velocity Profiles (From Rogers & Cox, 1988)

  6. Sound Stimuli: Propagation (From Rogers & Cox , 1988)

  7. Sound Stimuli: Reciprocity (From Rogers & Cox, 1988)

  8. Electromagnetic Stimuli Induced by water flow, animal movement, and/or. muscle activity. Example 1: Water flow(From Kalmijn, 1988)

  9. Electromagnetic Stimuli Induced by water flow, animal movement, and/or. muscle activity. Example 2: Animal movement(From Kalmijn, 1988)

  10. Electromagnetic Stimuli Induced by water flow, animal movement, and/or. muscle activity. Example 3: Muscle activity (From Kalmijn 1971)

  11. Chemical Stimuli Occur on many spatial scales. (From Atema 1988)

  12. Chemical Stimuli (2) Spread by diffusion and advection. (From Atema 1988)

  13. Chemical Stimuli (3) Can be enhanced in concentration and distribution by animal activity. (From Atema 1988)

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