SADC Country Surveys: Tanzania Household Surveys and Labour Force Measurement

1. CASE STUDIES OF SOME SURVEYS IN SADC COUNTRIESExperience from TanzaniaHousehold Surveys and Measurement of Labour Force with Focus on Informal Economy held in Maseru, Lesotho from 14-18 April 2008.

2. Outline The Presentation will cover the following areas: • Source of Labour Market Information • Frequency of Data Collection • Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys • Listing of Households • Sample Size • Software used for Estimation • Quality Control • Levels of Reporting the Findings

3. The Sources of Labour Market Information (LMI) • Household Based Surveys: • Labour Force Surveys (major and reliable source). • Informal Sector Surveys (a module in Labour Force Surveys). • Household Budget Surveys HBS (limited source) • Demographic Health Surveys e.g. TDHS (limited source) • Establishment Surveys: • Annual Employment & Earning Survey (reliable LMI) • Annual Survey of Industrial Production (limited LMI) • Central Register of Establishments (limited LMI) • Population and Housing Census (limited LMI):

4. The Frequency of Data Collection • Household Based Surveys: • Labour Force Surveys e.g. ILFS – after every 5 years. • Informal Sector Surveys – a module under ILFS. • Household Budget Surveys e.g. HBS – after every 5 years • Demographic Health Surveys e.g. TDHS – after every 5 years • Establishment Surveys: • Annual Employment & Earnings Survey – annual • Annual Survey of Industrial Production - annual • Central Register of Establishments – semi annual • Population and Housing Census – every after 10 years:

5. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys: • The Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS) constitutes four modules, namely: • General labour force • Child labour • Informal sector and • Time Use

6. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • The Structure of a Questionnaire: • LFS 1: Head of Household Questionnaire • LFS 2: Individual Questionnaire • CLS 1: Child Labour Questionnaire No. 1 • CLS 2: Child Labour questionnaire no. 2 • TUS: Time use Questionnaire/Diary

7. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • Sample Design and Estimation: • The Labour Force Surveys in Tanzania use the existing National Master Sample (NMS) • The NMS has a capacity to provide various estimates depending on the coverage size of the planned survey. The Labour Force Surveys we conduct in Tanzania provide national estimates • For national estimates the NMS consists of 140 villages and 244 urban enumeration areas (EAs) distributed throughout the country

8. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • Sample Frame: • The sampling frame for the current NMS is based on the results of the 2002 Population and Housing Census. • The NMS structure built by using the administrative boundaries which fall under the levels of region, district, ward and village or street. • Each primary sampling unit (PSU) in the NMS identified its location through the above mentioned administrative localities (i.e. region, district etc.)

9. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • The village is a primary sampling unit (PSU) representing the rural areas and the EA is the PSU presenting the urban areas • The PSUs have been established through a probability proportional to size without replacement (ppswor) • The systematic sampling procedure was used for the selection of PSU

10. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • Listing of Households: • The household listing exercise is normally conducted on each sample cluster within two months before the commencement of the field work. • The duration between listing of households and the moment to start data collection shouldn't be longer to avoid problems of migration among the listed households (especially in urban clusters) • All households within each cluster are listed to establish sampling frame for households selection in each cluster. Systematic sampling procedure used to selection households to be interviewed during the data collection

11. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • Rural Sample Size: • From each selected village a total of 80 households sampled to be interviewed within the survey period • The 80 sampled households then distributed into 4 quarters whereby 20 households are allocated to be interviewed in each quarter • Allocation of households for interview within four quarters in the year has been aimed to capture seasonal variations in rural areas

12. Methodological approach for Labour Force surveys Cont… • Urban Sample Size: • From each selected EA in urban areas, 30 households are selected to be interviewed • Taking into consideration that, the urban activities have no seasonality element, the enumeration system is dealt with differently from that of the rural areas. • The EAs in urban areas are distributed in four equally groups in such a way that each group has to be enumerated in a specified quarter.

13. Software used for estimation: • Currently there are two Software used in both Data Capturing and Tabulation: • Census and Survey Processing (CSPro) programme is used in data capturing • SPSS is used for tabulation

14. Quality Control: • In order to ensure reliability and credibility of data collection the following quality control measures designed: • During listing exercise enumerators work hand in hand with Local Authorities to make sure that all households are listed • In urban areas the EAs boundaries are clearly located to avoid overlapping with neighbouring EAs

15. Quality Control Cont… • Some times where necessary, supervision maps of EAs were used by supervisors to identify the EAs that enumerators fail to locate them • Enumerators were provided with all required materials for both during listing and data collection operations • Close supervision maintained in both during listing and data collection operations. Head quarters Supervisors monitor field work on quarterly basis and the regional supervisors had to monitor enumerators in the field four times in a quarter.

16. Levels of Reporting the Findings: • The final results disseminated into three geographical levels, namely: • Rural Area • Dar es Salaam City and • Other Urban Areas

17. Thank you END OF PRESENTATION