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Tests: Knowing and Understanding Your Numbers

Provided Courtesy of RD411.com Where health care professionals go for information. Tests: Knowing and Understanding Your Numbers. Review Date 10/09 G-1122. Contributed by Shawna Gornick-Ilagan, MS, RD, CWPC. Disclaimer.

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Tests: Knowing and Understanding Your Numbers

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  1. Provided Courtesy of RD411.com Where health care professionals go for information Tests: Knowing and Understanding Your Numbers Review Date 10/09 G-1122 Contributed by Shawna Gornick-Ilagan, MS, RD, CWPC

  2. Disclaimer • This presentation should not substitute or replace any medical advice provided by your doctor • This presentation is meant to provide you with general health information to empower you to take charge of your health

  3. Objectives • Why get started? • What are biometric screen tests • What do the numbers mean? • What can you do about your numbers?

  4. Leading Causes of Deaths • 1st place • 2nd place • 3rd place • 4th place • 5th place

  5. Causes of Death • Heart disease: 652,091 • Cancer: 559,312 • Stroke: 143,579 • Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 130,933 • Accidents: 117,809 • Diabetes: 75,119 • Alzheimer’s disease: 71,599 • Influenza/pneumonia: 63,001 • Kidney disease: 43,901 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: www.cdc.gov.

  6. What Causes Heart Disease/Stroke? • Arteries—blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body Normal Artery

  7. Plaque Starts to Build Up Tear in Artery Wall Tear in Artery Wall

  8. Plaque Can Grow and Harden and Obstruct the Artery Tear in Artery Wall Atherosclerosis Tear in Artery Wall

  9. Ischemic Stroke

  10. Heart Attack

  11. You Can Not Help Age Men: >45 years Women: >55 years Sex Race Family history You Can Help Smoking Alcohol Poor diet Overweight/obesity Diabetes Physical inactivity High cholesterol High blood pressure What Increases Risk?

  12. Randy Pausch “We can't change the cards we’re dealt, just how we play the hand.”

  13. How Can You Play the Cards?

  14. Biometric Screening Tests • BMI • Blood pressure • Lipid Panel • Total cholesterol • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) • Triglycerides • Blood glucose • A1c

  15. Body Mass Index (BMI) • BMI is a number calculated from a person’s weight and height • Higher BMI values are associated with risks for health problems • Visit http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/ BMI Goal=Less Than 25

  16. Maintain a Healthy Weight Body Mass Index (BMI)

  17. Benefits of Weight Loss (cont’d) • Weight loss: • Reduces risk for cardiovascular disease • Lowers blood pressure • Lowers blood sugar • Improved lipid levels Source: Office of Surgeon General. Available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/1_6.htm.

  18. Blood Pressure • What is blood pressure? • Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood through the arteries and the circulatory system • What do blood pressure numbers mean? • Top number (systolic)=pressure while heart is beating • Bottom number (diastolic)=pressure while heart is resting, between beats

  19. Blood Pressure (cont’d) • How can I tell if I have high blood pressure” • Typically no symptoms—”silent killer,” but could experience • Headache • Blurred vision • Dizziness • Nausea

  20. Blood Pressure (cont’d) • Over time, high blood pressure can damage: • Blood vessels • Vision • Heart and other organs • And increase your risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure • A reduction of as small as 2 mm Hg in the average American’s systolic blood pressure could save more than 70,000 lives per year mmHg=millimeters of mercury Source: www.nih.gov

  21. Blood Pressure (cont’d)

  22. Lipid Panel: Why Get Tested? • To determine risk of coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke • One in seven adults are high risk • Worldwide=4.4 million deaths

  23. Lipid Panel (cont’d) • Every 5 years starting at age 20: • Total cholesterol, if elevated associated with heart disease • HDL (healthy cholesterol) • LDL (lousy cholesterol) • Triglycerides

  24. Total Cholesterol • Every 1% reduction in your cholesterol, reduces your risk of heart disease by 2%-3% dL=deciliter, mL=milliliter

  25. LDL (Lousy) Cholesterol • LDL=low-density lipoprotein dL=deciliter, mL=milliliter

  26. Decrease Saturated and Trans Fats

  27. Pay Attention To These Limits

  28. Limit Trans Fat and Saturated Fat

  29. Opt for Healthy Fats • Replace saturated fat with monounsaturated fat to lower your LDL and increase your HDL • Monounsaturated fats include: • Olive oil • Canola oil • Olives • Avocados • Peanut butter • Many nuts and seeds

  30. Opt for Healthy Fats (cont’d) • Sources of omega-3 fatty acids include: • Flaxseed • Walnuts • Salmon • Soybeans • Halibut • Shrimp • Snapper • Tofu • Etc

  31. Opt for Healthy Fats (cont’d) • American Heart Association recommends eating fish at least twice a week • One serving of fish is 5 ounces (oz) (3 oz is the size of a deck of cards)

  32. HDL (Healthy) Cholesterol Levels • Every 1 mg/dL increase in your HDL lowers your risk of heart disease 2%-5%

  33. Triglycerides • Your body uses alcohol, extra calories, and sugar to produce this type of fat in the blood

  34. Glucose: Why Get Tested? • Glucose test measures the sugar level in your blood to screen for, diagnose, and monitor: • Hyperglycemia • Hypoglycemia • Diabetes • Prediabetes

  35. Glucose: Why Get Tested? (cont’d) • Blood glucose tests are performed: • During a regular physical • When symptoms suggest hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia • During pregnancy • When you have diabetes • Starting at age 45 and every 3 year if normal results

  36. Blood Glucose • Fasting plasma glucose: Must fast for 8 hours or longer

  37. Good News! 85%-90% of Diabetes Is Preventable Preventable

  38. Normal Process Insulin

  39. Diabetes: Type 1

  40. Diabetes: Type 2 = Fat Insulin

  41. Hemoglobin A1c • Why get tested? • To monitor a person’s diabetes and to aid in treatment decisions • When to get tested? • When first diagnosed with diabetes and then two to four time per year

  42. Tips to Maintain a Healthy Weight • Do not drink calories • Eat slowly • Stay hydrated • Try the low-fat or nonfat version of foods • Change habits • Eat three meals each day • Focus on fruits and vegetables • Get enough fiber

  43. Healthy Plate Format • One fourth plate starch • One fourth plate meat • One half plate nonstarchy vegetables • 8 fluid ounces of reduced-fat milk • One serving of fruit

  44. 7 Steps for Improving Your Numbers • Weight management—losing 5%-10% of your weight • Limit trans fat and saturated fat • Limit extra sugars • Opt for healthy fats • Eat enough fiber • Exercise regularly • Do not smoke and limit alcohol

  45. Questions?

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