Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Transportation Sector

1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Transportation Sector Connecticut Fund for the Environment See next page.See next page.

2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Transportation Sector Greenhouse emissions from motor vehicles in Connecticut Strategies for reducing emissions OutlineOutline

3. Connecticut 2020? (Ref ~ slide 20) Recognition of mobility crisis in Connecticut (I�ll describe more later � clogged roads, business concern, etc.) Question we should answer and then act on is how should crisis be solved � in a way that looks like this, or in a way that is better for the planet and our quality of life? Also, what does the public dislike most about this picture? Global climate change, inconvenience, health impacts �?(Ref ~ slide 20) Recognition of mobility crisis in Connecticut (I�ll describe more later � clogged roads, business concern, etc.) Question we should answer and then act on is how should crisis be solved � in a way that looks like this, or in a way that is better for the planet and our quality of life? Also, what does the public dislike most about this picture? Global climate change, inconvenience, health impacts �?

4. 1999 Greenhouse Gases: Percent from Transportation Source: US EPA; 1999 Inventory CT�s Transportation Sector produces a very large and growing percent of total greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and HFCs) In CT, the transportation sector accounts for about 20% more of the total greenhouse gases than in the US as a whole

5. Transportation sources of greenhouse gases in CT have increased about 10% during the 1990�s This is consistent with national trends Unlike national trends, the CT utility sector has decreased a bit Transportation sources of greenhouse gases in CT have increased about 10% during the 1990�s This is consistent with national trends Unlike national trends, the CT utility sector has decreased a bit

6. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) growth since 1991 As vehicle miles traveled increase, so do greenhouse emissions. Connecticut is slightly flatter than the rest of the U.S.As vehicle miles traveled increase, so do greenhouse emissions. Connecticut is slightly flatter than the rest of the U.S.

7. Projected VMT growth in Connecticut 45% in 30 years. 45% in 30 years.

8. There�s good news in the statistics as well. Train ridership growth on the NH line apparently outpaced VMT in Connecticut in the 1990s. These gains are something to build on. There�s good news in the statistics as well. Train ridership growth on the NH line apparently outpaced VMT in Connecticut in the 1990s. These gains are something to build on.

9. There has also been growth in use of buses. (1% in 2 years.) I think it�s a bit surprising to see these gains if you don�t use mass transit. But again, the gains point to potential. There has also been growth in use of buses. (1% in 2 years.) I think it�s a bit surprising to see these gains if you don�t use mass transit. But again, the gains point to potential.

10. Achieving greenhouse reductions from Transportation Sector Flatten amount of vehicle travel Lower Greenhouse emissions per vehicle 2 ways of achieving emission reductions: Reduce or more accurately flatten the number of vehicle miles traveled Reduce the greenhouse emissions per vehcle Totally consistent with Climate Change Action Plan of August 2001 put together by New England Governors/Eastern Canadian Premiers Government looked at this seriously reached the same conclusion: both are necessary. These include Canada and European Union 2 ways of achieving emission reductions: Reduce or more accurately flatten the number of vehicle miles traveled Reduce the greenhouse emissions per vehcle Totally consistent with Climate Change Action Plan of August 2001 put together by New England Governors/Eastern Canadian Premiers Government looked at this seriously reached the same conclusion: both are necessary. These include Canada and European Union

11. VMT reduction measures The big Q: How do you turn around more than � century of transportation policies that have favored, above all else, people driving alone in their cars? This trend began with the dismantling in the middle of the last century of most of the country�s mass transit and a corresponding emphasis on highways and other roads. The problem has become entrenched as our extensive road system has encouraged more people and businesses to locate in dispersed patterns across what was once the countryside. This has created more vehicle miles traveled, and made it difficult to serve these dispersed locations with mass transit. Cycle: more roads -> sprawl -> congestion -> more roads Our policies have also made driving seem cheaper than transit � why pay for a train ride when you can just get in your car and drive? (Seems cheaper.) The big Q: How do you turn around more than � century of transportation policies that have favored, above all else, people driving alone in their cars? This trend began with the dismantling in the middle of the last century of most of the country�s mass transit and a corresponding emphasis on highways and other roads. The problem has become entrenched as our extensive road system has encouraged more people and businesses to locate in dispersed patterns across what was once the countryside. This has created more vehicle miles traveled, and made it difficult to serve these dispersed locations with mass transit. Cycle: more roads -> sprawl -> congestion -> more roads Our policies have also made driving seem cheaper than transit � why pay for a train ride when you can just get in your car and drive? (Seems cheaper.)

12. In urban areas walking and transit trips increase significantly and driving becomes somewhat less dominant a factor. In urban areas walking and transit trips increase significantly and driving becomes somewhat less dominant a factor.

13. VMT reduction policies: estimated benefits in CT In 1994, CFE, DOT and United Illuminating studied an array of transportation control measures and here are some of the results. In 1994, CFE, DOT and United Illuminating studied an array of transportation control measures and here are some of the results.

14. Vehicle technology California auto fleet vehicle programs Low Emission Vehicle Program (LEV II) Robust, mature program Major toxic benefits Ancillary greenhouse benefits Pavley/Greenhouse Reduction Program New � passed by legislature in 2002 �Cost-effective� standards to be adopted to reduce GHG emissions by �extent feasible� by 2006. Low emissions vehicle programs: California LEV Standards Major toxic pollution reduction potential. NJ study estimates 25% reduction in auto created toxic pollution: largely non-methange organic pollutants. Equivalent of removing � million cars/day from road st pollution control programs are But the program being implemented in CA, will have some greenhouse impact by bringing fuel efficient, very low emission vehicles to the market, like the gas-electric hybrids.. Alternative technologies: California�s �safe school bus project� reports replacing 777 old diesel buses with alternate technology buses (compressed natural gas, methanol and advanced diesel), with greenhouse gas benefits (1,550 metric ton carbon equivalent). Want to attack both the VMT curve and emissions per vehicle.Low emissions vehicle programs: California LEV Standards Major toxic pollution reduction potential. NJ study estimates 25% reduction in auto created toxic pollution: largely non-methange organic pollutants. Equivalent of removing � million cars/day from road st pollution control programs are But the program being implemented in CA, will have some greenhouse impact by bringing fuel efficient, very low emission vehicles to the market, like the gas-electric hybrids.. Alternative technologies: California�s �safe school bus project� reports replacing 777 old diesel buses with alternate technology buses (compressed natural gas, methanol and advanced diesel), with greenhouse gas benefits (1,550 metric ton carbon equivalent). Want to attack both the VMT curve and emissions per vehicle.

15. Vehicle Technology Clean vehicle incentives Fleet efficiency purchases Diesel/black carbon soot reductions School bus and transit bus fleet reductions Tax structures to encourage low sulfur fuel use State construction contracts to build on pilot diesel emission reduction strategies Connecticut is a densely populated stateIn many parts of the state there�s no room to expand highways More and more people feel they�re stuck in traffic Business community has recognized limits congestion places on economic vitality of the state State government responding to business community, environmental concerns � hot topic at legislature Transit corridors existConnecticut is a densely populated stateIn many parts of the state there�s no room to expand highways More and more people feel they�re stuck in traffic Business community has recognized limits congestion places on economic vitality of the state State government responding to business community, environmental concerns � hot topic at legislature Transit corridors exist

16. Transportation Strategy Board Business/economic goal of reduced congestion Strong human health constituency; growing GHG awareness Growing awareness that States are where the climate change action will be Connecticut opportunities TSB: legislature saying there�s a serious mobility problem, the solutions require long range thinking that encompasses a range of issues (including economy, quality of life and environment), and there needs to be a separate body to do that long range thinking. The TSB and the climate that led to its creation offer opportunities to bring about change � although the work we must do to bring about change is in many ways the same with the TSB there as it would be without it. New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers � working group chaired by Governor Rowland, produced Climate Change Action Plan, with section on transportation. Although the plan by itself doesn�t do anything, the Governor�s involvement may give us a foot in the door. TSB: legislature saying there�s a serious mobility problem, the solutions require long range thinking that encompasses a range of issues (including economy, quality of life and environment), and there needs to be a separate body to do that long range thinking. The TSB and the climate that led to its creation offer opportunities to bring about change � although the work we must do to bring about change is in many ways the same with the TSB there as it would be without it. New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers � working group chaired by Governor Rowland, produced Climate Change Action Plan, with section on transportation. Although the plan by itself doesn�t do anything, the Governor�s involvement may give us a foot in the door.

17. CFE and Transportation Choices Coalition Coalition with 28 organizations and 150,000 members 2003 agenda: CFE: Introduce Low Emission Program Coalition: Establish a Dedicated Transit fund CFE�s emphasis has traditionally been in legal and policy expertise Early efforts used collaboration with different interests Got results but often not as dramatic as we hoped because of lack of political buy-in (e.g. Q Bridge resulted in better train stations only) Decided to create Transportation Choices Coalition b/c believed the many CT groups concerned about transportation/envt could together become coherent and large enough that the State government would need to pay more attention to Coalition has grown (25/70K) Green paper and action agenda Coalition interfacing with TSB process With TSB, our work is still to build support for environmentally-friendly alternativesCFE�s emphasis has traditionally been in legal and policy expertise Early efforts used collaboration with different interests Got results but often not as dramatic as we hoped because of lack of political buy-in (e.g. Q Bridge resulted in better train stations only) Decided to create Transportation Choices Coalition b/c believed the many CT groups concerned about transportation/envt could together become coherent and large enough that the State government would need to pay more attention to Coalition has grown (25/70K) Green paper and action agenda Coalition interfacing with TSB process With TSB, our work is still to build support for environmentally-friendly alternatives