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HUM 102 Lecture 1

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HUM 102 Lecture 1

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    1. HUM 102 Lecture 1 Humanist Individualism and the Sonnet

    2. „Hands off yourself. Try to build up yourself, and you build a ruin” (Augustine, sermon 169)

    3. Power of the Church weakens The Black Death (peaked 1348 – 1350) The Western Schism (1378 – 1417): two Catholic popes at the same time, one in Avignon and another in Rome Invention of the printing press by Gutenberg (1440) The Protestant Reformation started with Martin Luther’s nailing of the Ninety Five Theses ‘protesting’ abuses of the Catholic Church on the door of the Castle Church of Wittenberg in 1517

    4. Renaissance: an economic revolution Early capitalism: rise of the city-states and trade in Italy (13th c.); amassing of wealth Weakening of faith and strengthening of the secular outlook with Greeks and Romans as models -> happy and fruitful life on earth Individual self-expression and introspection: man the measure of all things Humanism and the cult of beauty

    5. Humanism: a desire for origins Rediscovery and study of ancient Greek and Roman texts Restoration of texts and their interpretation Assimilation of values and imitation of models Cicero’s Humanitas: virtue „joins man to God” and this bond „joins man to man, irrespective of state, race or caste” - civic education Roman idea of utilitas: usefulness and power of ideas for men; ‘classics’ should give profit

    6. Renaissance’s foundations in earlier scholarly activity 8th-9th c. Carolingian ‘Renaissance’ 12th c. ‘Enlightenment’ in France classical material recovered and copied libraries gathering and preserving texts development of scholarly apparatus study of Roman law leading to interest in classical civilization

    7. Francesco Petrarca: the Father of Humanism Born in Aruzzo, raised in Avignon; educated in law, worked as a diplomat and politician [b. 1304 d. 1374] Popularized the sonnet form and immortalized Laura Wrote and published a vast number of letters Championed Latin but helped establish the teaching of Greek

    8. Petrarch the scholar Collected ancient texts and prepared scholarly editions with notes and valuable commentaries Prepared a manuscript of Virgil Restored and annotated Livy’s History of Rome Found the lost text of Cicero’s Pro Archia

    9. Erasmus, a European man (1466-1536)

    10. Worked on: Reconciliation of Christianity with the pagan classics A bilingual translation of the New Testament (Latin and Greek) published between 1516 and 1522; basis for the King James Bible in English A universal education in humanistic studies that unified Europe (based on Latin scholarship)

    11. „Whatsover is pious and conduces to good manners ought not to be called profane. The first place must be given to the authority of the Scriptures; but, nevertheless, I sometimes find some things said or written by the ancients, nay, even by the heathens, nay, by the poets themselves, so chastely, so holily, and so divinely, that I cannot persuade myself but that, when they wrote them, they were divinely inspired... To confess freely among friends, I can’t read Cicero on Old Age, on Friendship... without kissing the book.”

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