1 / 52

Vertebrate Movement to Land

Vertebrate Movement to Land. SZ2- Students will explain evolutionary history of animals over the history of life on earth. Tetrapods - Animals with 4 limbs Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Evolved from fish. Transition from Sea to Land. Coelacanth. Eusthenopteron. Panderichthys.

khuyen
Download Presentation

Vertebrate Movement to Land

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Vertebrate Movement to Land SZ2- Students will explain evolutionary history of animals over the history of life on earth. • Tetrapods- Animals with 4 limbs • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals • Evolved from fish

  2. Transition from Sea to Land

  3. Coelacanth

  4. Eusthenopteron

  5. Panderichthys

  6. Tiktaalik

  7. Transitional Tetrapods Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish Acanthostega Ichthyostega

  8. Amphibians

  9. Adaptations to live on land • Gills are usually lost • Lungs function • Breathe through skin • Secrete mucus • Prevent dehydration • Aids in respiration

  10. More Adaptations to live on land • Skeleton • Fins evolve into limbs • Vertebral column supports body underneath it AIR IS NOT AS BOUYANT AS WATER.

  11. Evolution of Circulation Fish Amphibian

  12. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Amphibia 1stland vertebrates Ex: frogs, toads, & salamanders

  13. Class Amphibia– “Double Life”frogs, toads, salamanders, & newts Characteristics • “Double Life” -lives part of its life in water and part on land • Ectothermic- “outside heat”- body temp. regulated by environment • no scales or claws • Have thin, moist skin

  14. AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS Egg- tadpole- adult • larvae are herbivores, adults carnivores • larva have tails to move in water • external fertilization with no parental care • lay eggs without shells in water

  15. Amphibian Body Plan • Bilateral symmetry • 3 chambered heart • Larvae breathe through gills; adults breathe through lungs • Breathe through thin, moist skin (produces mucus) • Changes from larva to adult through the process of metamorphosis

  16. Class AmphibiaOrder Anura • Anura- an=without, ura= tail • Tailless • Hindlegs adapted for jumping and swimming • Tympanum (ear drum) and larynx well developed Ex. Frogs and toads frog dissection intro- http://www.kiz-oyunlari.com/files/file/kurbaga_ameliyat.swf

  17. Class AmphibiaOrder Caudata • Caudata- “have a tail” • Long tail • 2 pairs of limbs Ex. Salamanders and newts

  18. Class Amphibia:Order Gymnophiona(Apoda) Gymnos- naked ophis- snake live in tropics Elongated body Limbless carnivores Ex. Caecilians – “blind”-small eyes

  19. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Ex: snake, turtle, lizards crocodile, dinosaurs

  20. Reptilian Traits: 3 chambered heart (except for crocodilians-4) Ectothermicendo vs. ecto Paired limbs with five toes and claws Tough, dry, scaly skin (horny epidermal scales) Jaws adapted for crushing and gripping Breathe with lungs Solid nitrogen wastes - due to metanephredic kidney Large cerebrum as compared to rest if brain- behaviors- 1. instinct 2. learned

  21. Reptile Legs • Short tetrapods for walking • Positioning of the legs more directly under the animal. This position provided more support than the splayed arrangement of the Amphibian legs.

  22. Reproduction: Internal fertilization (to avoid desiccation of gametes), oviparous Lay amniotic eggs on land- no dependence on water Shells leathery, sometimes calcareous

  23. Amniotic Egg Structures & Functions • Chorion provides a special hard covering that is permeable to respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) while being impermeable to water vapor. • Allantois is a storage reservoir for metabolic waste products such as nitrogenous compounds. • Amnion is a fluid filled sac that acts as a cushion for the embryo and also prevents desiccation. • Yolk sac contains food for the embryo, thus eliminating the need for a larval stage.

  24. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia Order Testudine: • Body in a bony case • dorsal carapace(top of shell) • ventral plastron(bottom of shell) • Jaws with a horny beak, no teeth • Vertebrae and ribs fused • Ex. Turtles and tortoises

  25. Turtle Shell Anatomy

  26. Fusion of ribs, vertebrae, & carapace

  27. Turtle Life Cycle

  28. Phylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataClass ReptiliaOrder Sphenodonta • Primitive reptile • closely related to dinosaur • Looks like lizard • Diapsid skull Ex. Tuatara- only living species

  29. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia Order Squamata Diapsid skull with two temporal openings Skin is shed with horny epidermal scales Jacobson’s organ- sense of smell Movable skin, kinetic skull Poisonous- hemotoxins (blood) , neurotoxins(nervous system) EX. Snakes and lizards Lizards have movable eyelids Snakes- descended from tetrapod ancestor

  30. Phylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataClass ReptiliaOrder Crocodilia • Elongated massive skull • True, 4 chambered heart • crocodiles, alligators, and caimans

  31. Crocodilians Crocodiles, Alligators, Caimans, & Gavials

  32. Gavial

  33. Alligator

  34. Crocodile

  35. Caiman

  36. Crocodilian Reproduction

  37. The temperature inside the nest of several crocodilian species decides the sex of the young. ~50-80 eggs • If the nest temperature is 30ºC, females will hatch from all the eggs • If the temperature is above 34ºC, all will be males. • If the temperature is in between, there will be young of both sexes.

More Related