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Gene, MicroArray and GA s

Gene, MicroArray and GA s. Ashish Anand Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (KanGAL) IIT Kanpur. Overview. What are Genes ? Why study Genes ? What is MicroArray ? How it is Helping ? Where does GA comes ?. What are Genes ?. Alphabet of 4 letters [A T G C] , called nucleotide bases

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Gene, MicroArray and GA s

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  1. Gene, MicroArray and GAs Ashish Anand Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (KanGAL) IIT Kanpur

  2. Overview • What are Genes ? • Why study Genes ? • What is MicroArray ? • How it is Helping ? • Where does GA comes ?

  3. What are Genes ? • Alphabet of 4 letters [A T G C] , called nucleotide bases • DNA • Sequences of ATGC • Double stranded, helical structure • Complementary Properties of Alphabets E.g. A T G C C | | | | | T A C G G • Gene : Nothing but DNA sequence

  4. Why Study Gene ? • Central Dogma of Biology DNA mRNA Protein • mRNA : Sequence of 4 letters [A U G C] • Protein : Sequence of 20 Amino Acids • Gene Encodes Proteins • Regulates functioning of whole system

  5. What is MicroArray ? • A small glass slide or nylon substrates • Each small square represents 1 gene • Uses Complementary Property of DNA sequence • A technology to study large no of Genes in one GO • Gives quantitative measure of Gene Expression

  6. MicroArray : Contd. • Many Technologies • Two Color Vs One Color • Affymetrix widely used

  7. How MicroArray is Helping? • An idea of changed expression levels of genes in • Treated/Disease/Mutant/Knock-out Vs Untreated/Normal/Wild-type • Different Tissues/Cells • Different Developmental Stages • Co-expressed Genes gives an idea of Gene Regulatory Network • Functional roles of different genes and their participation in different cellular and biological processes. • Diagnosis of disease like different cancer types

  8. Where Does GA comes – Few Examples • Classification Problems • Modeling of Gene Regulatory Network

  9. Thank you

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