Technology Development and Innovation: Role of Universities-An Indian Perspective

1. Technology Development and Innovation: Role of Universities-An Indian Perspective RanganBanerjee Dept. of Energy Science and Engineering IIT Bombay Keynote address at the International Conference in Technology & Innovation Management, 10 -12 Oct, 2012, Nepal

2. Role of University ‘institutions that create opportunity not just for individuals, but also for states, regions, nations or industries by virtue of the economic impact of the knowledge and the educated men and women they produce ’ Charles Vest (2007)

3. Impact of Universities : US • 25,800 active companies founded by MIT alumni annual world sales $2 trillion (11th nation GDP) • MIT alumni 26% sales in state , 1 million jobs (Robert and Easley, 2009) • Univ of California impact (ICF, 2003) -creating jobs, generating revenues, catalysing and supporting industry clusters, nurturing innovation and entrepreneurs

4. Millenium Development Goals Source: UN millennium Project, 2005

5. Technology Development • UN task force- Science Technology and Development (2005) –’to meet the Millenium development goals effectively countries need to recognize the benefits from advances in science and technology and develop strategies to exploit and benefit from new knowledge’ • Example : Kigali Institute of Science and Technology – 1997- Rwanda - reconstruction

6. Innovation • ‘the deliberate introduction of change to improve performance’ (Go8,2011) • President of India – declared 2010 as the decade of innovation and set up the National Innovation Council • ‘thinking differently, creatively and insightfully to create solutions that have an impact in terms of social and economic value’ (Strategy Document, 2011, GOI)

7. Global competiveness: Innovation Capacity Innovation Capacity Components Index Source: WEF, 2012

8. Frugal Innovations- India Source: Nesta, 2012

9. IIT Bombay Established year-1958 The Arch Vision To be the fountainhead of new ideas and of innovation in technology and science Main Building

10. Schematic of interaction between IIT Bombay and Society Schematic of interaction between IIT Bombay and Society

11. Student Output of IIT Bombay

12. Internal Changes- Enablers • Responsive, flexible administration • Decentralisation of Decision making • Empowerment of functionaries-Deans, Heads, Principal Investigators • Budget allocations, financial autonomy –spending within limits

13. Enablers for Research • Online Processes and Online Purchase System –Quick response, turnaround time • Recruitment, Project accounts, IP management • Central Facilities –maintenance fund, online registration, support for staff –user workshops • Research Infrastructure Fund- transparent internal funding mechanism • Catalysing inter-disciplinary research

14. Central Facility Liquid N2 plant Cryo TEM Ellipsometer Enhance access Online user interfaces Increase utilisation SpecialisedWorkshops Scanning Probe Microscope • Central Surface Analytical Facility (ESCA Lab.) • PPMS Mini Liquid N2 facility • Microcompounderand mini injection moulding • High Performance Computing (HPC) facility • Dielectric Broadband Spectrometer – Confocal Microscope

15. Research Centres / Consortia: Examples • Centre for Excellence in Nanoelectronics • PowerAnser Laboratory • VLSI Research Consortium • ISRO – IITB Research Cell • National Mission on Education through Information and Technology • Centre for Excellence in Telecom (IITB – Tata Teleservices) • Geospatial Information Science and Engineering Lab • National Solar Thermal Research, Testing and Simulation Facility

16. Research Centres / Consortia: Examples (Contd.) • National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education (NCPRE) • National Centre for Aerospace Innovation and Research (NCAIR) • IGCAR – IITB Research Cell • Climate Change Research Centre • Healthcare Consortium • Proposed Centre of Excellence for Homeland Security • Water Research Initiative • Rural Development • Combustion

17. Thermal Storage Generator Turbine Condenser Solar Field Heat Exchanger Cooling Water Circuit Thermic Oil Loop Water/ Steam Loop Expansion Vessel Pump Pump Solar Thermal Power Plant CLFR Direct Steam Schematic of 1 MW Solar Power Plant

18. IITB-Solar Thermal Power Plant PTC Field Foundation stone 10 January, 2010 Solar Fields under construction Turbine Heat Exchanger LFR Field Steam Generation

19. Solar Thermal Power Plant Schematic of the Solar Power Consortium

20. Solar Thermal Power Plant Simulator

21. Incentives- Awards • Research Excellence Awards: • Prof. S.C. Bhattacharya Excellence Award in Pure Sciences • Prof. H.H. Mathur Excellence Award in Applied Sciences • IRCC Awards: • IIT Bombay Research Paper award • IIT Bombay Review Paper award • IIT Bombay Young Investigator award • IIT Bombay Industrial Impact Award • Dr. P.K. Patwardhan Technology Development Award

22. Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award

23. Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award

24. Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award

25. Dr. P. K. Patwardhan Award

26. IP/ Licensing • Liberal explicit revenue sharing 70:30 Inventors, Institute, Explicit IP policy • Institute bears IP protection cost • Panel of attorneys,Simplified processes- online • Pro-active – abstract search Masters thesis, pre-publication drafts • Licensing web site, advertisement, brochures • SINE- Technology Business Incubator

27. Trend of Patent filing at IIT Bombay

28. Ready access to technologies at IITB IRCC Home > Technologies for Licensing > Advertisement

29. Attracting students to research • Enthuse – first year students • Support student Technology development initiatives • Encourage learning by doing • Alumni funded labs – Umasruwala Innovation Centre, Wadhwani Electronics Lab • Student Technical Activities Body – lectures, workshops, projects, competitions, tech clubs

30. Students Initiative at IIT Bombay

32. SINE Companies-Products Jugnoo Solar Home Light Railway berth LED Unmanned aerial system-NETRA IdeaForge Ctech Labs Pvt. Ltd. Aqua Crop Project Agrocom (AAQUA) GRAM++ Bhugol GIS Pvt. Ltd.

33. Developing country universities- Challenges • Attracting quality students, faculty • Competing on global rankings – attracting international students, faculty • Changing the perception and the reality- building industry confidence • Negotiating fair deals for IP with industry • Fair two way international partnerships • Decide research thrust areas • Responsiveness to local needs

34. Shaping the innovation agenda • What is innovation for? • Who is innovation for? • Importance of Direction, Distribution and Diversity of innovation agenda (STEPS, 2010) • University - Catalytic role in supporting and building local and regional technology development and innovation ecosystems

35. End- Note ‘A university stands for humanism, for tolerance, for progress, for adventure of ideas and for the search of truth. It stands for the onward march of the human race towards ever higher objectives. If the universities discharge their duty adequately, then it is well with the nation and the people’ Jawaharlal Nehru, First Prime Minister of India Email: rangan@iitb.ac.in Thank You

36. References • Charles M. Vest, The American Research University from World War II to World Wide Web, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2007. • Philip G. Altbach: The Past, Present and Future of the Research University, in the Road to Academic Excellence, The making of world class Research Universities, World Bank, 2011, Washington D.C. • E.B. Roberts and C. Easley: Entrepreneurial Impact: The Role of MIT, February, 2009, Kaufmann Foundation,The Foundation of Entrepreneurship. • UN Millenium Project, 2005: Innovation: Applying Knowledge in Development. Task Force on Science, Technology and Innovation, UNDP, Earthscan, London. • KIST 2012: http://www.kist.ac.rw (last accessed on October 5, 2012). • ICF, 2003: ICF Consulting: California’s Future: It starts Here UC’s contributions to Economic Growth, Health and Culture, March 2003. • Go8, 2011: Role of Universities in the national innovation system, Discussion Paper, February 2011, The Group of Eight. www.go8.edu.au/university-staff/go8-policy-_and_-analysis/2011/role-of-universities-in-the-national-innovation-system (last accessed on October 5, 2012) • GOI, 2011: Creating a Roadmap for a Decade of Innovation Strategy Paper, March 2011, Office of Adviser to the Prime Minister, Public Information Infrastructure and Innovations, Government of India, New Delhi. • Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum 2011-2012. • NESTA, 2012: Our Frugal Future: lessons from India’s Innovation System – K. Bound and I. Thornton, July 2012, London UK. Available online at: www.nesta.org.uk • Banerjee, R. and Muley, Vinayak P.: Engineering Education in India. New Delhi: Macmillan Publishers India Limited, 2009. • Directors Report IIT Bombay: Fiftieth Convocation. 18th August 2012. http://www.iitb.ac.in/Convo2012/conv.pdf (last accessed on October 8, 2012) • SINE: Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, IIT Bombay, www.sineiitb.org (last accessed on October 8, 2012) • Students' Technical Activities Body (STAB) of IIT Bombay, IIT Bombay, http://www.stab-iitb.org (last accessed on October 8, 2012) • Industrial Research & Consultancy Centre (IRCC), IIT Bombay – R&D Publications, http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/IRCC-Webpage/rnd/Publication.jsp (last accessed on October 8, 2012). • National Innovation Day Workshop, 2012: A one-day brainstorming workshop for Vice-Chancellors & Directors was organised by MHRD, UGC and IIT Bombay on March 1, 2012. http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/IRCC-Webpage/InnovationDayWorkshop/index.html (last accessed on October 8, 2012). • STEPS: Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A new Manifesto; Brighton, UK STEPS Centre, 2010. • Manchanda, 2008: 50 years of IIT-Bombay: IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 2008.