LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe how the United States mobilized for war.

1. STANDARD(S): 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Describe how the United States mobilized for war. • Summarize U.S. battlefield successes. • Identify the new weapons and the medical problems faced in World War I. • Describe U.S. offensives and the end of the war.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 2 American Power Tips the Balance The United States mobilize a large army and navy to help the Allies achieve victory. NEXT

4. SECTION 2 American Power Tips the Balance America Mobilizes Raising an Army • Selective Service Act—men register, randomly chosen for service • African Americans in segregated units, excluded from navy, marines • Soldiers train for 8 months, often drill with fake weapons • Women in army, navy, marines as nurses secretaries, phone operators NEXT

5. SECTION 2: AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE BALANCE • America was not ready for war – only 200,000 men were in service when war was declared • Congress passed the Selective Service Act in May of 1917 • By the end of 1918, 24 million had signed up and almost 3 million were called to duty • About 2 million American troops reached Europe

7. Guided Reading: 1. How did US raise an army? Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which required 24 million men to register for the draft.

8. Chapter 11 Section 2 • A – How did the United States raise an army for the war? • Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which required 24 million men to register for the draft.

9. FRESH U.S. SOLDIERS JOIN FIGHT • After 2 ½ years of fighting, the Allied forces were exhausted • One of the main contributions of the Americans was fresh and enthusiastic troops • American infantry were nicknamed “doughboys” because of their white belts • Most doughboys had never ventured far from the farms or small towns they lived in

10. SECTION 2 American Power Tips the Balance America Mobilizes Mass Production • To expand fleet to transport men, food, equipment to Europe, U.S.: - gives special status to shipyard workers - uses fabrication techniques - takes over commercial, private ships NEXT

11. Guided Reading: 2. How did US soldiers help win the war? Brought freshness and enthusiasm; Helped stop German advances on Paris and several other French cities; Helped win the Second Battle of the Marne.

15. Guided Reading: 3. How did US build its naval force? It exempted shipyard workers from the draft, Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding Used prefabrication techniques And took control of private ships for transatlantic duty.

16. B – How did the United States expand its navy so quickly? • It exempted shipyard workers from the draft, • Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding • Used prefabrication techniques • And took control of private ships for transatlantic duty.

17. SECTION 2 America Turns the Tide U.S. Navy Contributions • Convoy system—destroyers escort merchant ships across Atlantic - losses drop dramatically • Navy helps lay mines across North Sea, keep U-boats out of Atlantic • 1918, Germans have difficulty replacing boats, trained submariners NEXT

20. Guided Reading: 4. How did the US Navy help win the war? • Broke the German blockade by suggesting the convoy system to the British and then putting it into practice; • Helped lay down a barrier of mines in the North Sea.

21. SECTION 2 America Turns the Tide • Fighting in Europe • After 2 1/2 years fighting, Allied forces are exhausted, demoralized • American troops bring numbers, freshness, enthusiasm NEXT

22. Shell Shock

23. SECTION 2 Fighting “Over There” Doughboys in Europe • General John J. Pershing leads American Expeditionary Force - soldiers impressed by cities, shocked by battle NEXT

26. SECTION 2 Fighting “Over There” • New Weapons • By 1917, British learn to use tanks to clear path for infantry • Early planes flimsy, only do scouting; later ones stronger, faster • - carry machine guns, heavy bomb loads • American ace Eddie Rickenbacker, other pilots in dogfights • Observation balloons used extensively, prime target of ace pilots NEXT

27. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR • Machine Guns • Fire over 600 bullets per minute.

28. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR • Poison Gas • Odorless, kills and blinds • mustard gas was used to subdue the enemy

29. Animals were also susceptible to gas

30. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR • Tanks • Armor plated vehicles • tanks ran on caterpillar treads

31. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR • Airplanes • Used for scouting, bombing and strafing • Early dogfights resembled duals,

32. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Blimps

33. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Flame Throwers

34. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Grenade Launchers

35. C – How did World War I change the nature of warfare? • WWI introduced new weapons and redefined existing weapons; • Tanks and airplanes helped introduce mechanized warfare.

36. NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Submarines

37. Machine Guns killed in the thousands • Using effective crossfire

41. Early models made of empty cans Later models made to separate into 48 pieces.

42. British invention – a Plummer from England came up with the idea.

43. Germany built no tanks in WWI They did use captured tanks

45. D – What were the physical and psychological effects of this new kind of warfare? • The new warfare caused physical ailments such as trench-foot • And psychological ailments such as shell shock.

46. Guided Reading: 5. What new weapons of mechanized warfare threatened those in combat? • Zeppelins (gas-filled airships) • Machine guns • Tubes that spewed poison gas • Tanks • Airplanes

48. SECTION 2 The War Introduces New Hazards • New Problems of War • New weapons and tactics lead to horrific injuries, hazards • Troops amidst filth, pests, polluted water, poison gas, dead bodies • Constant bombardment, battle fatigue produce “shell shock” • Physical problems include dysentery, trench foot, trench mouth NEXT

49. SECTION 2 American Troops Go on the Offensive Allies Stop German Advance • Russia pulls out of war 1917; Germans shift armies to western front - come within 50 miles of Paris • Americans help stop German advance, turn tide against Central Powers Continued . . . NEXT

50. E – How did American forces help the Allies win the war? • American forces helped stop the German advance • and turned the tide against the Central Powers.