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Unit 2

Unit 2. Family Life. Text A. Conversation: Chinese Families Are Very Different Now. 会话：中国家庭今昔巨变.

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Unit 2

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  1. Unit 2 Family Life

  2. Text A • Conversation: Chinese Families Are Very Different Now.会话：中国家庭今昔巨变

  3. Ann has moved into an off-campus apartment, where she has a roommate named Rita. Missing her family in China, Ann takes a look at the family photos in her laptop. Rita, coming back from a party, opens the door.

  4. Language Study • named Rita 过去分词做定语——过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow?明天有什么活动吗？ • laptop: 手提电脑 • lap；膝盖 • 比较：desktop （台式电脑）

  5. Language Study • an off-campus apartment：校外的公寓 • campus: 校园，(美)大学分销 on the campus of 在...校园内 Is Berkeley the biggest campus of the University of California?伯克利校区是加利福尼亚大学的最大分校吗? • … where she has a roommate named Rita • where引导定语从句：关系副词where可代替的先行词是地点的名词，在从句中作状语，相对于介词+which。 例如：Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。

  6. Language Study • Missing her family in China…现在分词作原因状语 • coming back from a party…现在分词作伴随状语 • 现在分词（动词-ing）作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 • -ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 • ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 • 注：-ing分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。

  7. 翻译 • Ann has moved into an off-campus apartment, where she has a roommate named Rita. Missing her family in China, Ann takes a look at the family photos in her laptop. Rita, coming back from a party, opens the door. 安搬进了校外的一间公寓，其室友名叫丽塔。安很想念在中国的家人，于是看起了自己手提电脑中家人的照片。丽塔参加一个聚会回来，打开房门。

  8. Rita: Hi, I’m home. Ann: Welcome home, Rita. How was your party? Rita: Terrific! How was your day? Ann: Not bad.But I feel a little bit homesick now, so I’m taking a look at the pictures of my family. Conversation

  9. Language Study • I’m home. 我回来了。 • be home: 回家，在家。 • Conversation: greeting --How was your party? --Terrific! How was your day? --Not bad.

  10. Language Study • homesick: adj. 想家的，思乡病的be homesick for one’s country 想念祖国 She 's a little homesick.她有点想家。 n. 思乡病 • 其他表达： • carsick 晕车的 • airsick 晕机的 • seasick 晕船的 • lovesick 害相思病的

  11. 翻译 • Rita: Hi, I’m home. • Ann: Welcome home, Rita. How was your party? • Rita: Terrific! How was your day? • Ann: Not bad.But I feel a little bit homesick now, so I’m taking a look at the pictures of my family. 丽塔：嗨，我回来了。 安：欢迎回家，丽塔。聚会怎样？ 丽塔：非常好玩。你今天过得怎样？ 安：还不错。但是我现在有点想家，在看家人的照片。

  12. Rita:Can I have a look at the pictures? • Ann: By all means.Look, this is a family photo, my father, my mother, my brother and my sister.

  13. Language Study • Conversation: Asking for permission and responding -- Can I have a look at the pictures? -- By all means. • 其他表达：

  14. asking for permission • Can /May I use your phone? • Could you spare me a few minutes? • Do you mind if I open the window? • Would I read your newspaper for a while? • May I borrow your bike/ umbrella/camera…? • Are we permitted to take pictures here? • Is it okay with you if I hold a party here? • Would it be all right if I change the channel?

  15. Language Study • by all means 无论如何，在这里用作“of course”, “no problem”. 例如： A: May I have one?B: Yes, by all means (of course). • means是“方法、手段”，by all means是“必定、一定、无论如何”的意思，可以用来加强语气。比如人家邀请你去吃饭，你就可以说I‘ll come by all means.我一定会来的。

  16. Language Study • 比较：by no means 绝不 • 例句:You must bring him here by all means.你无论如何要把他带到这里。This project must be realized by all means. 无论如何都要完成这个项目。I will by no means consent. 我一定不会同意。

  17. 翻译 • Rita:Can I have a look at the pictures? • Ann: By all means.Look, this is a family photo, my father, my mother, my brother and my sister. • 丽塔：我可以看看这些照片吗？ • 安：当然可以。看，这是我的家人，我的父亲、母亲、哥哥和姐姐。

  18. Rita: What do your parents do? • Ann: My father worked for the government, and my mother was a teacher. They both are retired now.

  19. Language Study • What do your parents do? • what do / does… do?用于询问职业，主语是he/she时用does，其他情况用do。例如： A：Excuse me, can you tell me what you do?请问您的工作是什么？ B: Me? I‘m a cab driver.您问我吗？我是个出租司机。 • 其他询问职业的方式： • Could you tell me what you do for a living? • What is your job?

  20. Language Study • My father worked for the government , and my mother was a teacher. • 一般过去时：1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 例句：Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例句： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. • government：n. 政府 例句：The government has welcomed the proposal. 政府接受了这项建议. • -ment：名词词缀，例如：movement n 运动，agreement n 协议，management n 管理

  21. Language Study • They both are retired now. • 一般现在时，在此表示现在时刻的状态。例句：Monroe writes good English but does not speak well. • retired: adj. 退休的 e.g. a retired officer 退役军官 • retire: v. 退休 例句：They had officially retired ten years previously. 他们在此十年前已正式退休。 • both 的用法

  22. both的用法 • 和谓语动词连用时，both应放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如： • Myparentsarebothdoctors．我父母都是医生。Thetwosisterscanbothdrivecars．这两位姐妹都能开汽车。Theywillbothstayhereforanotherdayortwo．他们俩在这儿将再逗留一两天。 • 注意：在简略回答以及感叹句中，both不能位于句尾，要放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之前。例如：“Areyourparentsworkers？”“Yes，theybothare．”“你父母是工人吗？”“是的，他们俩都是工人。” Howclevertheybothare！他们俩多聪明啊！

  23. both的用法 • both可直接放在名词前作定语。但如果名词前有其它限定词，如the，these，my或two等，则应放在这些词前面，也可以用bothof加上这些词。如：可以说both（of）thebooks，both（of）hishands等。不能说thebothbooks，hisbothhands等。例如： Both of my parents work in a hospital. (My parents both work in a hospital.) 我父母都在医院工作。 • both和代词连用时，应说theyboth（作主语），bothofthem（作主语或宾语），themboth（作宾语）等形式，不能说boththey或boththem等。例如：Wemustthankbothofyou．（＝Wemustthankyouboth．）我们应该感谢你们俩。BothofusarefromCanada．（＝WearebothfromCanada．）我们俩都是加拿大人。

  24. 翻译 • Rita: What do your parents do? • Ann: My father worked for the government, and my mother was a teacher. They both are retired now. • 丽塔：你父母是做什么的？ • 安：我父亲过去在政府部门工作，我母亲是教师。他们现在都退休了。

  25. Rita: I heard in China you have the tradition of several generations living under the same roof. Do they live with you? Ann: No. In fact, nowadays not many young people live with their parents, at least in the cities. As long as they can afford, the young would like to have a home of their own after they are married. As to me, my parents and I even don’t live in the same city.

  26. Language Study • tradition n. 传统；惯例;uphold its old traditions 继承它的古老的传统.It is a tradition that women get married in long white dresses. 妇女结婚时穿白色长礼服，这是传统. • traditional adj. 传统的

  27. Language Study • several generations living under the same roof 几代同堂 • 动词-ing的复合结构：物主代词/人称代词/名词所有格或普通格与动词-ing连用，就构成了复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格等是其逻辑主语。复合结构在句中主要做主语或宾语。例如: Tom’s coming home late worries his mother.汤姆的晚归使他妈妈担心。 The students’ knowing English well will help them to learn French.学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。 I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。 Mary insisted on my reading the letter.玛丽坚持要我看信。

  28. Language Study • in fact: 事实上I think so; in fact, I am quite sure. 我想如此,事实上我相当确定。 • nowadays adv. 现在；现今Nowadays children prefer TV to reading.如今儿童们喜欢看电视，不愿意读书.

  29. Language Study • As long as they can afford • as long as：只要，也可以说so long as ，例句：As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。 • afford: vt. 常与can/could/be able to连用，表示“买得起;有足够的......(去......)”例句： I will buy it when I can afford it. 我买得起时再买.I cannot (can ill) afford to waste a single minute. 我连一分钟也不能浪费. • As to：prep.相当于with regard to，至于，关于。 例句：We are puzzled as to how it happened.

  30. Rita: I heard in China you have the tradition of several generations living under the same roof. Do they live with you? • Ann: No. In fact, nowadays not many young people live with their parents, at least in the cities. As long as they can afford, the young would like to have a home of their own after they are married. As to me, my parents and I even don’t live in the same city. 丽塔：我听说在中国有几代同堂的传统。你父母是和你同住吗？ 安：不是。实际上，现在并不是太多年轻人和父母同住，至少在城市中不常见。只要他们能够负担得起，年轻人在结婚后愿意有自己的家。至于我，我的父母和我甚至不在同一个城市。

  31. Rita: What about your brother and sister? • Ann: My brother lives in the same city with my parents, but in a different apartment with his own family. My sister has been living in London since she got married 10 years ago. • Rita: So Chinese families are very different now.

  32. Language Study • What about…? 可以加名词、代词，动名词。 意思是“...怎么样”1.What about sb?What about you?/ What about your mother?2.What about sth?What about the weather in your city?3.What about doing sth? 表示一种建议What about going to the movies?

  33. Language Study • My sister has been living in London since she got married 10 years ago. • has/have been doing sth. 现在完成进行时 • 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） • 表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。

  34. Language Study • 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。 比较：They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 • 大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。比较： I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。

  35. Language Study • since：自从……以来，作连词引导时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时态。 • since的四种用法 • 1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 例句： I have been here since 1989. • 2) since +一段时间+ ago 例句：I have been here since five months ago. • 3) since +从句， 例句：Great changes have taken place since you left. • 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句， 例句：It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

  36. Rita: What about your brother and sister? • Ann: My brother lives in the same city with my parents, but in a different apartment with his own family. My sister has been living in London since she got married 10 years ago. • Rita: So Chinese families are very different now. • 丽塔：那你的哥哥和姐姐呢？ • 安：我哥哥和父母住在同一个城市，可他有自己的家。我姐姐自10年前结婚后就一直住在伦敦。 • 丽塔：这么说来，中国的家庭现在已经发生了很大的变化。

  37. Ann: Yes, families are getting smaller, and more people choose to live in different places. • Rita: It sounds similar to the American families. • Ann: People across the world are having a similar lifestyle now. Anyway, this is a global village.

  38. Language Study • It sounds similar to the American families. • It sounds…听起来…… • sound: v. 听起来，不用于进行时，即使谈当前正在发生的事情也不用。而且它跟形容词而不跟副词连用（如look, smell, seem等）。例： • I wouldn’t buy that guitar. It sounds a bit cheap. 我可不买那吉他，听起来便宜了点。 • You sounddepressed. 你说话听起来情绪不高。 • 请注意to sound like这一结构，表示听起来像…，一般后面接名词。 That sounds like Arthur coming upstairs. 听起来好像是阿瑟在上楼。

  39. Language Study • similar adj. 类似的；相像的 e.g. a similar plan 类似的计划Cats and tigers have similar features.猫和虎有类似的特征. • be similar to…与……相似 e.g. A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways.猫在好多方面同虎相像.

  40. Language Study • People across the world are having a similar lifestyle now. • across the world：all over the world • lifestyle: n.生活方式 e.g. a healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式Our lifestyle, education and other systems differ from other places in the region. 本地的生活方式、教育制度等与其他地区有所不同。

  41. Language Study • Anyway, this is a global village. • anyway: adv. 无论如何, 总之, 不管怎样 e.g. It may rain, but we shall go anyway. 也许会下雨,可我们无论如何要去。I don't want to hear your stupid secret anyway! 我根本不想听你那无聊的秘密. • global village 地球村 • global adj. 世界的，全球的(＝ worldwide) e.g. global travel 全球旅行 global changes 全球性变化.

  42. 翻译 • Ann: Yes, families are getting smaller, and more people choose to live in different places. • Rita: It sounds similar to the American families. • Ann: People across the world are having a similar lifestyle now. Anyway, this is a global village. • 安：对，家庭变得更小，而且更多的人选择在不同的地方居住。 • 丽塔：听起来和美国的家庭很像啊。 • 安：现在全世界人的生活方式都很相似了，别忘了，这可是一个地球村。

  43. Idiomatic study: greetings Almost all conversations start with a greeting. Expressions: • Hello. • Hi. • Good morning. • Good afternoon. • Good evening. • What's up? • What's happening?

  44. Idiomatic study: greetings • Well Being • After the greetings are exchanged, the conversation should be continued in some way. One of the most common ways is asking about the other person’s well being.

  45. Expressions • How are you? • How’s it going? • How are things? • How are things going? • How have you been? • How are you doing? • How was your day?

  46. Responses If Good: • Great/ Terrific/ Fantastic… • Couldn’t be better. If So-so: • Not bad. • Just so-so. If Bad: • I’ve had better days. • Not too good.

  47. Text B • Gender Roles in American Families: Past and Now • 美国家庭的性别角色：过去与现在

  48. Language Study • gender：性别 e.g. gender identity 性别身份 • role：角色，作用 e.g. the leading role主角 play an important role in developing production 在发展生产中起重要作用

  49. Para. 1 • In the traditional marriage, the man took up a job to earn money for the family. Most men worked in an office, a factory, or some other place away from the home. Since the man earned the money, he paid the bills. The money was used for food, clothes, a house, and other family needs. The man made most of the decisions. He was the boss.

  50. Language Study • traditional: adj. 传统的 e.g. traditional English breakfast 传统的英式早餐 • … the man took up a job to earn money for the family. • 一般过去时，表示过去的状态 • take up：从事，开始做某事 例题 • earn money: 赚钱 • earn：赚得，赢得 e.g. She earned a reputation as a hard worker. 勤劳的工作使她享有声誉

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