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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE. DEREK KENYENSO MENTOR: DR. KAREN L. BELL COLUMBIA PRESBYTARIAN HOSPITAL CENTER. WHAT IS AD?. It is a progressive, degenerative brain disease with gradual onset. Causes a steady decline in the ability to: Remember and Learn Think and Reason Communicate and Respond

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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

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  1. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DEREK KENYENSO MENTOR: DR. KAREN L. BELL COLUMBIA PRESBYTARIAN HOSPITAL CENTER

  2. WHAT IS AD? • It is a progressive, degenerative brain disease with gradual onset. • Causes a steady decline in the ability to: • Remember and Learn • Think and Reason • Communicate and Respond • Live independently • There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease.

  3. AD is the most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older. Approximately 4.5 million people now have AD. By 2050, 13.2 million older Americans are expected to have AD if no preventive treatments become available. AD STATISTICS

  4. IT’S NEVER TOO SOON

  5. DISEASE PROGRESSION Mild AD • Forgetfulness, word finding • Problems with shopping, driving, hobbies • Depression, apathy, withdrawal • Problem solving • Calculations Moderate AD • Poor recent memory, orientation, lack of insight • Requires help with complex activities of daily living • Wandering, getting lost • Difficulty dressing (sequence & selection) • Insomnia • Delusions, agitation Severe AD • Very limited language • Loss of basic skills • Dressing, bathing, incontinence • Eating, Walking, motor slowing • Agitation

  6. EARLY ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE In the earliest stages, before symptoms can be detected with tests, plaques and tangles begin to form in brain areas involved in: , Neurofibrillary tangles Senile plaque • LEARNING AND MEMORY • THINKING AND PLANNING

  7. MILD–TO-MODERATE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE More plaques & tangles occur leading to problems with: • Speaking and understanding speech • Confusing with things and people around you

  8. SEVERE ALZHEIMERS DISEASE In advanced Alzheimer’s disease, most of the cortex is seriously damaged and the brain shrinks dramatically due to widespread cell death. • Individuals lose their ability to communicate, to recognize family and loved ones and to care for themselves.

  9. TEN WARNING SIGNS • Memory loss • Difficulty doing familiar tasks • Problems with language • Disorientation to time and place • Poor or decreased judgment • Problems with abstract thinking • Misplacing things • Changes in mood or behavior • Changes in personality • Loss of initiative

  10. SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS

  11. TREATMENT OF AD • Drugs used to treat mild-to-moderate AD symptoms include: • ARICEPT(donepezil) • EXELON(rivastigmine) • RAZADYNE, RAZADYNE-ER(galantamine) • An additional drug, NAMENDA(memantine), has been approved to treat symptoms of moderate-to-severe AD. • These drugs can help improve some patients’ abilities to carry out activities for a while, but they do not stop or reverse AD.

  12. Drug studies: Only way to find out if a treatment is effective and safe. examine approved drugs to see if they can be used for other diseases look at new experimental drugs RESEARCH: CLINICAL TRIALS

  13. Cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins Anti-inflammatory drugs Substances that prevent formation of b-amyloid plaques RESEARCH: CLINICAL TRIALS

  14. REFERENCES • http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/WhatIsAD.asp • http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers • http://www.alzinfo.org/ • http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/adfact.htm • http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/WhatIsAD.asp • http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/Warning.asp • http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/Statistics.asp

  15. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • Dr. Karen L. Bell • Evelyn Dominquez • Ruth Tajedar • Sarah Downs • Alberto Connan • Dr. Sats • Harlem children Society

  16. THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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