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20c China: The Road to Communism

20c China: The Road to Communism. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925). (Dr. Sun Yat-sen). Chinese Warlords, 1920s. Yuan Shi-kai. China in 1924. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary. (Mao Tse-tung). Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928. (Chiang Kai-shek). The Long March

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20c China: The Road to Communism

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  1. 20c China: The Road to Communism

  2. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925) (Dr. Sun Yat-sen)

  3. Chinese Warlords, 1920s Yuan Shi-kai

  4. China in 1924

  5. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary (Mao Tse-tung)

  6. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928 (Chiang Kai-shek)

  7. The Long March 1934

  8. The Long March

  9. Japan Invades China 1937

  10. Overview (write this): • Agricultural society • Corrupt warlords took over after the dynasties fell • Chiang Kai-Shek (nationalist) takes power • Long March (communists gaining support) • Japan begins invading China

  11. Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945

  12. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

  13. Japanese Soldiers March into NankingDecember 9, 1937

  14. Dates to Remember: • 1937-Japan invaded China • 1939-Germany invaded Poland (official start of WWII) • 1941-Pearl Harbor was bombed and we entered the war • 1945-atomic bombing of Japan—war ends

  15. The Communist Revolution: 1946 - 1949

  16. Overview: • WWII ends • China realizes that their leader was wimpy • Communism spreads • Chiang Kai-Shek moves to Taiwan to start “The New, Real China” (he was nuts)

  17. More to write: • Domino Theory (fear of the spread of communism) • Containment Policy (to follow)—don’t let it spread! • Fact: the U.S. didn’t acknowledge Communist China until 1972! We still tried to support Chiang Kai-Shek until then

  18. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

  19. The Communist Victory

  20. Taiwan: The Republic of China

  21. The People’s Republic of China

  22. Reasons for the Communists’ Success • Mao won support of peasants – land • Mao won support of women • Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics • Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt • Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

  23. The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961

  24. Great Leap Forward, 1958 • 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry • Communes • Groups of people who live and work together • Property held in common • Had production quotas • Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

  25. Communist China Under Mao • Industrialized China • Increased literacy • Class privileges ended • Rural Chinese received health care • One-party dictatorship • Denied people basic rights and freedoms

  26. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954 • Tibet --> an autonomous area. • Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India.

  27. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976

  28. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” • Old Thoughts • Old Culture • Old Customs • Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!

  29. Communist China Under Mao • Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society • Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place • Schools shut down – students revolted • Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

  30. A Red Guard

  31. Red Guards March to Canton

  32. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefulness'. (1968) Cult of Personality

  33. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book

  34. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!1967-1972

  35. Propaganda Poster

  36. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

  37. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

  38. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists 1976 Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

  39. Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy

  40. Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

  41. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations”Progress in: • Agriculture • Industry • Science • Defense Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

  42. Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

  43. Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!

  44. Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

  45. Tiananmen Square, 1989 Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

  46. Tiananmen Square, 1989 The“GoddessofDemocracy”

  47. Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Government Clamps Down

  48. Tiananmen Square, 1989 One Lone Man’s Protest

  49. Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

  50. Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Army Looks for Dissidents

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