Alabama Water resources Conference; Orange Beach, Alabama, September 5 - 7, 2012

1. Reuse Wastewater Generated by the Paint and Textile Manufacturing Industries in the Manufacture of Cement Bricks and Tiles: Case Studies from Egypt by • Dr. Robert W. Peters. • Professor of Environmental Engineering • University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama • Eng.MohamedKhaledElsayedMostafa • Ph.D. Graduate Student • University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Alabama Water resources Conference; Orange Beach, Alabama, September 5 - 7, 2012

2. Overview • Statement of scientific or technical problem • Introduction • Primary objective of the research Reusing wastewater Conclusion

3. Statement of scientific or technical problem ● Poor quality of surface water in Egypt ►Some factors impacting this problem: 1- Discharge of industrial effluents into surface water body without prior treatment; 2- The use of old technologies and non-biodegradable substances in industrial processes; Mediterranean Sea (Source: www.inmagine.com, 2011)

4. Introduction Amount of wastewater produced from various industrial sectors (Source: National Research Centre, 2007 )

5. Introduction The loads of the most common contaminants contained within sewage (Source: National Research Centre, 2007)

6. Primaryobjective of the research • Paint industry • ● Study potential reuse of wastewater generated by the paint and textile manufacturing industries. • Textile industry

7. Reusing wastewater Analysis of a typicalpaint wastewater sample

8. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) • Analysis of a typical dye wastewater sample

9. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) Statistical Market Forecast for Concrete Blocks and Tiles in Egypt (Source: Gobi International, 2009 )

10. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) Cement bricks Mix proportions of the cement bricks

11. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) • ● Compressive Strength: (Sample: 25*12*6 cm) ► Minimum compressive strength value specified in ASTM C 55-06 equal 13.8 Mpa (140 kg/cm2).

12. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) ● Water Absorption: The water absorption testing results ► Maximum water absorption value specified in ASTM C 55-06 equal 240 kg/m3.

13. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) TCLP test results of the bricks ● Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Test:

14. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) ●Sulfide and Cyanides: ●Ignitability and Corrosivity:

15. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) Cement tiles The mix proportions to produce 6 m2 tiles

16. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) ● Compressive Strength: (Sample: 15*15*15 cm):Arduous service Compressive strength of the tiles after 28 days

17. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) ● Bending Strength: (Sample: 30*10*2.0 cm): Arduous service Bending strength of the tiles after 28 days

18. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) ● Water Absorption: must not exceed the 8% maximum percentage specified in E.S.S 269-2005. The water absorption testing results of the tiles

19. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) ● Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Test: TCLP test results of the tiles

20. Reusing wastewater (cont’d) • ● Abrasion resistance: (Sample 30*30*2 cm): Arduous service The abrasion testing results of the tiles

21. Recommendation ● Construct a unit to produce the cement bricks and tiles near to the wastewater stream. Egg-laying machine Tile machine Concrete mixer

22. Conclusion ● Reuse wastewater generated by the paint and textile manufacturing industries. The monthly volumes of wastewater going for treatment (wastewater from washing and cleaning the tanks) (Source: with permission from CMB Company, Egypt)

23. Conclusion (cont’d) Different shapes of cement bricks Different shapes of cement tiles

24. Questions?