Marching TURNS Steve Giovannini 02 February 2013

1. School Of The Soldier MarchingTURNSSteve Giovannini02 February 2013

2. TURNING OR CHANGE OF DIRECTION TO THE SIDE OF THE GUIDE • Before learning Turns, the soldiers need to know: • Marching By the Flank • Marching at the Oblique • The turning point needs to be marked in advance • The turn is not a wheel. • Pivot man of each rank executes a by-the-flank • Without slackening or quickening the cadence • Without shortening or lengthening the step • All other soldiers of the pivot man’s rank simultaneously execute an oblique at the double-quick • Double quick => go to right shoulder shift • Execute two obliques (45 degree turn each) • to make the 90 degree turn • Catch up to and align on their guide • Take the step from the guide • This is similar to the execution of "By Company into Line”.

3. TURNING OR CHANGE OF DIRECTION TO THE SIDE OF THE GUIDEBasis • 413. The change of direction to the side of the guide, in marching, will be executed as follows: The instructor will command: • 1. Left (or right) turn. 2. MARCH. • 414. The first command will be given when the rank is yet four paces from the turning point. • 415. At the command march, to be pronounced at the instant the rank ought to turn, the guide will face to the left (or right) in marching, and move forward in the new direction without slackening or quickening the cadence, and without shortening or lengthening the step. The whole rank will promptly conform itself to the new direction: to effect which, each man will advance the shoulder opposite to the guide, take the double quick step, to carry himself in the new direction, turn the head and eyes to the side of the guide, and retake the touch of the elbow on that side, in placing himself on the alignment of the guide, from whom he will take the step, and then resume the direct position of the head. Each man will thus arrive successively on the alignment.

4. If diagrams were drawn to scale The marching “lanes” form a right triangle. Assume the width of each lane (width of a man) is 23 inches First on outside of pivot a2 + b2 = c2 If a = 23 and b = 23 Then 529 + 529 = c2 1058 = c2 c = approx 32.5 inches Approximately 1 step Second on outside of pivot a2 + b2 = c2 If a = 46 and b = 46 Then 2116 + 2116 = c2 4232 = c2 c = approx 65 inches Approximately 2 steps Third on outside of pivot a2 + b2 = c2 If a = 69 and b = 69 Then 4761 + 4761 = c2 9522 = c2 c = approx 97.5 inches Approximately 3 steps 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step

5. 1. Left (or right) turn. 2. MARCH. Turning Point Mark the turning point in Advance

6. A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L R L R L R R L R L Turning Point

7. A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L L R R L R L L R R L R R R R L R L L R L R L R L L Turning Point

8. 1. Left (or right) turn. 2. MARCH. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L R R L R L L L R L R L L R R R R L R R L L R L R L R L R L R R L L Turning Point Guide Arrives at the Turning Point

9. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step R L L R R L R L L R L R R L L R R L R L L R L R R L L R R L R L L R R L R R L R R L R L L R L R L L Turning Point Guide Executes a by-the-flank

10. Upon reaching their ”lane”, each soldier will: • execute the second of their 2 obliques to square off their turn A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step R L R L L R R L R L L R R L R L R L R R L R L L R R L L R L R R L R L L R L L R L L R R L R R L R R L R L L L R R L L R R L R L L R R L R L L R L R Turning Point • As each file arrives at the turning point • Pivot man executes a by-the-flank • Without slackening or quickening the cadence • Without shortening or lengthening the step • All other soldiers of that rank simultaneously • execute the first of 2 obliques • go to the double-quick • go to right shoulder shift

11. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step R L L R R L R L L R R L R L L R L R R L L L R R L R R L L R L R L L R R R L L L R R L R L L L R L R L L R R R R L R R L R L L R R L R L L R L R R L Turning Point After executing the second of his 2 obliques to square off their turn, each soldier will continue at the double-quick (and the right shoulder) until he catches up with the guide of his file.

12. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step R L L R R L R L L L R L R L R L R R R R L R L R L R L L R R R R L R L L L L L L R L R R L L R L L R L L R R L R R R R R R L R L L R L L R L L R R L L R Turning Point • As each soldier catches up with their guide, he will • turn the head and eyes to the side of the guide, and • retake the touch of the elbow on that side, • in placing himself on the alignment of the guide, • from whom he will take the step,

13. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L R L R R L R L L R R L R L L L R R R L R L R R L R L R L R L R L L R R L L R R R L R L L L R L R L L R R R L R L R L L R L R R L L L L R L R L R R Turning Point

14. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step R R L L L R L R L R L R R L L L R R R L L R L R L R L R R L L R L L L L L L L R L R L R R L L R R L L R L R R L R R L R R R R R L R L R L R L R Turning Point Each soldier will thus arrive successively on the alignment

15. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L L R R L R L L R R L R L L R R L R L L R R L R R R L R R L L R L L R R L R L L R R L R L L R R L R L L R L L R Turning Point

16. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L R L L R R R R L L R R L R L L R R R R L R L L R R L R L L L R L R L L R L R L Turning Point

17. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 Steps 2 Steps 1 Step L L R R L L R R L R R L R R L L R R L L R L L R R L R L L R L R Turning Point Continue until Turn is completed.