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theory and practice of Data Visualization

theory and practice of Data Visualization. Media-X Stanford University. Results and Reactions for Visual Analysis Exercise. Network Structures. Graphs and Trees. Graphs Model relations among data Nodes and edges Trees Graphs with hierarchical structure Connected graph with N-1 edges

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theory and practice of Data Visualization

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  1. theory and practice ofData Visualization Media-X Stanford University

  2. Results and Reactionsfor Visual Analysis Exercise

  3. Network Structures

  4. Graphs and Trees Graphs • Model relations among data • Nodes and edges Trees • Graphs with hierarchical structure • Connected graph with N-1 edges • Nodes as parents and children

  5. Spatial Layout The primary concern of graph drawing is the spatial layout of nodes and edges Often (but not always) the goal is to effectively depict the graph structure • Connectivity, path-following • Network distance • Clustering • Ordering (e.g., hierarchy level)

  6. Tree Visualization Indentation • Linear list, indentation encodes depth Node-Link diagrams • Nodes connected by lines/curves Enclosure diagrams • Represent hierarchy by enclosure Layering • Layering and alignment Examples: http://flare.prefuse.org/demo

  7. Visualizing Large Hierarchies … … … Indented Layout Reingold-Tilford Layout

  8. MC Escher, Circle Limit IV

  9. Perform tree layout in hyperbolic geometry, then project the result on to the Euclidean plane. Why? Like tree breadth, the hyperbolic plane expands exponentially! Also computable in 3D, projected into a sphere. Hyperbolic Layout

  10. Degree-of-Interest Trees [AVI 04] Space-constrained, multi-focal tree layout

  11. Graph Visualization

  12. Use a tree layout based on a spanning tree of the graph Spanning tree layout may result in arbitrary parent node

  13. Evolution of the UNIX OS Hierarchical layering based on descent Approach used by GraphViz’s “dot” layout Sugiyama-style graph layout

  14. Hierarchical graph layout Gnutella network

  15. Limitations of Node-Link Layout Edge-crossings and occlusion

  16. Attribute-Driven Layout Large node-link diagrams get messy! Is there additional structure we can exploit? Idea: Use data attributes to perform layout • e.g., scatter plot based on node values Dynamic queries and/or brushing can be used to explore connectivity

  17. Attribute-Driven Layout The “Skitter” Layout • Internet Connectivity • Radial Scatterplot Angle = Longitude • Geography Radius = Degree • # of connections • (a statistic of the nodes)

  18. Semantic Substrates [Shneiderman 06] Semantic Substrates [Shneiderman 06]

  19. PivotGraph [Wattenberg 2006] Layout aggregated graphs according to node attributes. Analogous to pivot tables and trellis display.

  20. PivotGraph

  21. PivotGraph

  22. Roll-Up Aggregate items with matching data values Selection Filter on data values Operators

  23. PivotGraph Matrices PivotGraph Matrix

  24. Summary Effective visualizations can help us record, analyze, and communicate data Creating visualizations requires modeling data and applying appropriatevisual encodings and interaction techniques. As you encounter visualizations in the world, try to deconstruct what you see. What are the underlying data types and encodings?

  25. Where can you find useful resources?

  26. Visualization Tools Many-Eyes http://many-eyes.com Verfiable http://verifiable.com TimeSearcher http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/timesearcher Parvis http://home.subnet.at/flo/mv/parvis Improvise http://www.cs.ou.edu/~weaver/improvise/ GGobi http://ggobi.org GGPlot2 (in R) http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/ and many others…

  27. Tree / Network Tools GraphViz http://www.graphviz.org NodeXL http://www.codeplex.com/NodeXL GUESS http://graphexploration.cond.org/ Pajek http://pajek.imfm.si/doku.php TreeMap http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap Workbench http://nwb.slis.indiana.edu/

  28. Programming Tools processing.org A popular graphics language protovis.org Visualization tools for JavaScript flare.prefuse.org Visualization tools for Flash prefuse.org Visualization tools for Java modestmaps.com Mapping tools for Flash/JavaScript

  29. Books The Grammar of Graphics, Leland Wilkinson Visualizing Data, William S. Cleveland The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Edward Tufte Information Visualization: Perception for Design, Colin Ware Show Me the Numbers: Designing Tables and Graphs to Enlighten, Stephen Few

  30. Tomorrow Case studies of visualization in action • 3D geometric models, Dave Kasik • Cybersecurity, John Gerth • Intelligence analysis, Palantir • Web-based interactive graphics, Stamen

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