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TIME

TIME. PRS Figure out at what time you put on your shoes this morning (assuming you are wearing shoes). What dating technique did you use? A. Numerical Time B. Relative Time C. both. PRS Which type of time reckoning do you use most often? A. Numerical Time B. Relative Time.

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TIME

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  1. TIME

  2. PRS Figure out at what time you put on your shoes this morning (assuming you are wearing shoes). What dating technique did you use? A. Numerical Time B. Relative Time C. both

  3. PRS Which type of time reckoning do you use most often? A. Numerical Time B. Relative Time

  4. Bishop Ussher – Earth formed 4004 B.C. –October 23 – using Biblical history GROUP QUESTION: Think of another way to come up with a minimum age for the earth (do not use radioactivity)

  5. Uniformitarianism - James Hutton "no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end." “The present is the key to the past” But rates of processes change – so only things that are constant are physical laws.

  6. Original Horizontality Superposition Crosscutting Relationships Inclusions

  7. Group Question Using your experience with sediments, like the sand on a beach, is there a problem with Steno’s Principle of Original Horizontality? If so, what?

  8. Unconformities

  9. Group Question Going back to your beach, is there an unconformity there? Most of Geologic time is represented by unconformities

  10. Crosscutting Relationships Inclusions

  11. Which is older • Dike A • Dike B • Fault • Dolostone • Sandstone B

  12. William “Strata” Smith Engineer Surveyor Biostratigrapher

  13. William “Strata” Smith1769-1839: canal engineer, first stratigrapher

  14. Wm. Smith’s canals today

  15. Geologic Time Scale Pieced together through correlation Dates come from radioactivity

  16. Relative Time vs. Absolute (Numerical) Time Bishop Ussher – Earth formed 4004 B.C. –October 23 – using Biblical history GROUP QUESTION: Think of another way to come up with a minimum age for the earth (do not use radioactivity)

  17. Atoms

  18. Isotopes 6 protons 6 protons 6 protons 6 neutrons 7 neutrons 8 neutrons

  19. PRS • If an atom with 19 protons and 20 neutrons is an isotope of Potassium, • Which of the following is another isotope of Potassium? • 20 p, 19 n • 20 p, 21 n • 19 p, 22 n • 20 p, 22 n • 18 p, 22 n

  20. Radioactivity Parent Daughter

  21. Need to know 4 things • Sample had some parent at start • Sample has been “closed system” • Decay rate of parent-daughter pair • Parent-daughter ratio at start Need to measure 1 thing • Parent-daughter ratio now

  22. Industrial revolution added C12 – diluting the C14 Nuclear Bomb Tests added C14

  23. C14 Calibration

  24. Why don’t geologists use 14 C to date rocks? • Half life is too long • Rocks aren’t closed systems • Rocks don’t have any Carbon • Rocks don’t get carbon from atmosphere • Rocks have too much 14 C

  25. K – Ar dating HL 1.26 BY Daughter is noble gas

  26. Geologic Time Scale Pieced together through correlation Dates come from radioactivity

  27. Correct answer for 8.3 Youngest J E C A G B I D F H Oldest

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