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CONTRASTS. ALTHOUGH THOUGH EVEN THOUGH EVEN IF WHILE WHILST WHEREAS. ALTHOUGH - THOUGH. ALTHOGH/THOUGH Reid failed the score himself , he helped Jones to score two goals . DESPITE THE FACT THAT IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT DESPITE + ING IN SPITE OF + ING. EXAMPLES.
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CONTRASTS ALTHOUGH THOUGH EVEN THOUGH EVEN IF WHILE WHILST WHEREAS
ALTHOUGH - THOUGH • ALTHOGH/THOUGHReidfailedthe score himself, he helped Jones to score twogoals. • DESPITE THE FACT THAT • IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT • DESPITE + ING • IN SPITE OF + ING
EXAMPLES • ALTHOUGH IT RAINED a lot, weenjoyedourholiday. • IN SPITE OF THE RAIN, weenjoyedourholiday. • I didn´tgetthejobALTHOUGH I HAD allthenecessaryqualifications. • I didn´tgetthejobIN SPITE OF HAVING allthenecessaryqualifications. • I didn´tgetthejobIN SPITE THE FACT THAT I hadallthenecessaryqualifications. • Shewasn´twell, butIN SPITE OF THIS shewenttowork. • IN SPITE OF WHAT I saidyesterday, I stillloveyou. • ALTHOUGH THE TRAFFIC WAS bad, I arrivedon time. • IN SPITE OF THE TRAFFIC, I arrivedon time. • I couldn´tsleepALTHOUGH I WAS verytired. • Icouldn´tsleepDESPITE BEING verytired. • I eatmostdairyproducts. I´mnotkeenon yogurt, THOUGH. • Thehouseisn´tverynice. I likethegardenTHOUGH. • I seehimeveryday. I´veneverspokentohimTHOUGH.
ADJECTIVE + THOUGH + NOUN/PRONOUN + VERB • HOT THOUGH THE NIGHT AIR WAS, theysleptsoundly. • ALTHOUGH/THOUGHthenight air WAShot, theysleptsoundly. • LINKING VERBS: • APPEAR • BE • BECOME • FEEL • LOOK • SEEM • SOUND • IMPROVE
EVEN THOUGH and EVEN IF • EVEN THOUGH Tom doesn´tspeakSpanish, I think he shouldstillvisit Madrid. • EVEN IF Tom doesn´tspeakSpanish, I think he shouldstillvisit Madrid. • EVEN IF I onlyplayone match for my country, I´llbehappy. • EVEN THOUGH I´m quite old, I still miss my parents.
WHILE, WHILST and WHEREAS • WHILE or WHILST • WHILE/WHILST thereis no evidencethat Peter cheated, wewereallastonishedthat he passedtheexam. • The diesel model of the car, WHILE/WHILST more expensive, isbettervalueformoney. • WHILE or WHEREAS • Davegetslots of homeworkfromschool, WHEREAS/WHILESuegetsverylittle. • WHILE/WHEREAS I alwaysfelt I wouldpasstheexam, I neverthought I wouldgetan A grade.
-ING, PAST PARTICIPLE CLAUSES and CLAUSES WITH THE SUBJECT AND VERB LEFT OUT AFTER: • ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, WHILE and WHILST • ALTHOUGH nothuge, thegardenneedsconstantattention. • WHILEwelcomingthegovernment´s new fundingforthehealthservice, doctors are stillunhappyaboutworkingconditions. • Somewriters, WHILSTconvincedthatHemingsonsupportedtherebels, havequestionedhowinvolved he was in thefighting.
CONNECTING IDEAS IN A SENTENCE AND BETWEEN SENTENCES • SENTENCE CONNECTORS • CONJUNCTIONS
SOURCES • Hewings, Martin (2005). AdvancedGrammar In Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University • Murphy, Raymond (1994). EnglishGrammar In Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University