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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Providing Emotional Support. 13- 1. Introduction. An organization is defined by the people who make it up Recent push for improving our health and wellness

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Providing Emotional Support 13-1

  2. Introduction • An organization is defined by the people who make it up • Recent push for improving our health and wellness • The Fire and Life Safety Initiatives have devoted an initiative to address responders’ physical health (Initiative 6) and a separate initiative to their emotional health (Initiative 13) • Note the ties between the physical and psychological sides of human beings 13-2

  3. Life Safety Initiative 13 Firefighters and their families must have access to counseling and psychological support 13-3

  4. Life Safety Initiative 13 STRESS • Overview • Physical strains • Emotional strains • Adrenaline • Long term effects • Short term effects Cont. Photo courtesy of Bob Gahr 13-4

  5. Life Safety Initiative 13 STRESS • Coping with stress • Must be able to accept the facts • Must be prepared • Impossible to not be affected • Alcohol abuse • Drug abuse Cont. 13-5

  6. Life Safety Initiative 13 STRESS • Failure to cope with stress • Likely to bring on severe depression • Police officer study in 2008 • Must expose causes, signs and symptoms of stress 13-6

  7. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Overview • Only officially labeled in last 30 years • Early human stresses • Webster’s 1913 dictionary • Railway spine Cont. 13-7

  8. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Overview • Acute stress disorder (ASD) • Precursor to PTSD • Generally lasts less than a week • Some proceed with no intervention Cont. 13-8

  9. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Overview • PTSD could include • Avoidance • Seclusion • Flashbacks • Change in eating and sleeping habits Cont. 13-9

  10. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Signs and symptoms • Categorization • Re-experiencing • Avoidance • Hyperarousal Cont. 13-10

  11. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Treatment • Psychotherapy • Counseling as an avenue for healing • Traditional psychotherapy • Group therapy • Individual therapy Cont. 13-11

  12. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Group therapy • Overview • Brief group therapy • Bottling it up proven to be ineffective • Discussion encourages healing • Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change Cont. 13-12

  13. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Group therapy • Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) • Meetings • Similarities to fire departments • Single share • Cross-talk • Closing Cont. 13-13

  14. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Group therapy • Critical incident stress management (CISM) • Pre-incident CISM • Incident response • Post-incident response • AA and CISM differences Cont. Courtesy of Scott Beveridge, Observer-Reporter 13-14

  15. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Group therapy • Psychological first aid (PFA) • Effectiveness of CISM • Effectiveness of PFA • Primary psychological victims • Secondary psychological victims Cont. 13-15

  16. Life Safety Initiative 13 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) • Individual therapy • Mental health support • Employee assistance programs (EAP) • Chaplains • Available • Approachable • Adaptable 13-16

  17. Life Safety Initiative 13 THE FUTURE • Overview • Relative anonymity • Texting • Complete anonymity • Web based program • Support system • Include family members Courtesy of Erica Ziegler 13-17

  18. Summary • Psychological stress of emergency scenes can be as severe as the physical stresses • CISM has evolved into a successful form of group therapy • We need to research, obtain, and implement instruments such as CISM, EAP, and chaplaincy programs • Improve the tools we have, and invent the ones that don’t yet exist 13-18

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