Greenhouse

1. Greenhouse Protected Agriculture for High Value Crops

2. Introduction • What is a Green House ? • A Green House is a structure covered with a transparent material in which various crops are grown under a system of farming know as Protected Cultivation • The Structure is also referred as Glass House / Poly House, depending upon the Cladding material used. • Under Green House Technology favorable Micro Climatic conditions are created suiting to the crops raised. • Green House Protect the Plants from adverse climatic conditions such as wind , low temperature, rainfall, excessive radiation, extreme temperature and pests. • Green House Technology facilitates off –season production of crops to realize higher returns.

3. Advantages of Greenhouses : • Ensures multi-fold increase in crop output compared to open cultivation • Facilitates year round production of selected crops. • Mitigates impact of adverse climatic conditions in respect of certain type of Green House • Facilitates substantial control of pest & diseases . • Facilitates optimum utilization of all inputs. • Facilitates raising of off-season production of crops. • Aids in Nursery Propagation, Hardening of Plants • Facilitates High-Tech Cultivation Practices like Hydroponic , Aero-ponics and Nutrient Film Techniques.

4. Greenhouse type based on shape: • Lean type greenhouse. • Even span type greenhouse. • Uneven span type greenhouse. • Ridge and furrow type. • Saw tooth type. • Quonset greenhouse. • Interlocking ridges and furrow type Quonset greenhouse. • Ground to ground greenhouse. Lean to type Even span type Others

5. 1). Green house type based on Utility • Greenhouses for active heating. • Greenhouses for active cooling. 2). Green house type based on construction • Wooden framed structure. • Pipe framed structure. • Truss framed structure. 3). Green house type based on covering material • Glass glazing. • Fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) glazing • i. Plain sheet • ii. Corrugated sheet. • Plastic film • i. UV stabilized LDPE film. • ii. Silpaulin type sheet.

6. a) Low cost or low tech Greenhouse • Low cost greenhouse is a simple structure constructed with locally available materials such as bamboo, timber etc. • The ultra violet ( UV) film is used as cladding to cover the roof and sides. • Increasing or decreasing the temperature and humidity mostly by opening side walls. • Suitable for cold climatic zone. • Suitable for high value vegetable crops during off- Season. Low cost green house with Casuarina poles

7. Tomato cultivation in Low tech Greenhouse – In side view Out side view – Low tech Green house

8. b) Medium-tech Greenhouse ( Semi- Automated) Less expensive compared to High- tech GH. Control possible manually/ Semi- automated. GI material can be used for frame work. Exhaust fans, thermo- stat to control temp. Cooling pads/ mist system to control humidity. Sun light control by regulating shade nets. Need more attention in operations. Suitable for Dry & composite climate zones Medium -tech Greenhouse

9. C.) High- tech Greenhouse ( Fully Automated) Fully automated controls. Less attention in operations. Uses computer software for controls. More initial cost. More suitable to high end applications . ( Floriculture, Hydroponics/ Aeroponics) Requires assured availability of power. Hi-tech green house

10. d). Shade net Greenhouses Suitable for commercial nurseries / vegetable crops during hot weather . It provides protection from excessive sunlight, heat, cold,  wind, frost, and hailstorm. It also offers protection from insects, birds etc. Low Cost of construction Shade net Greenhouse

11. Components of typical Greenhouse

12. Different shapes of the Greenhouse Dome type Quonset Gothic A- Frame Ridge frame

13. Schematic diagram – Semi automatic- Medium cost GH

14. Comparison of different kinds of covering materials

15. Construction Cost

16. Project Study – Cut Roses • Cut Roses Cultivation in 1 ha under Greenhouse Conditions. • Benefit/ Cost Analysis. Source: NABARD, Model Bankable projects, (www.nabard.org)

17. Project Components • Fixed cost –Permanent items like Civil structure, equipment, planting material • Recurring cost –Cultivation expenses, post- harvest expenses, over heads, Logistics • Projected yield & Income • Estimate the total production expected in different years and the realization expected through sales. • Benefit/ Cost Analysis • Margin money • 25% of the total cost that has to be invested by the entrepreneur. • Repayment • Principal and interest are to be repayable in seven years with a moratorium for the first year on interest and for 2 years on principal.

18. 1). Fixed costs

19. 2). Recurring costsa).CULTIVATION EXPENSES ( Rs/ Ha)

20. b) Post- Harvest expenses ( in Lakhs)

21. C). Over head costs

22. Total Recurring costs – In Lakhs ( 1st – 8th Yrs) PROJECTED PRODUCTION AND INCOME

23. Cost/ Benefit Analysis( Rs. Lakhs)

24. Repayment( Rs. Lakhs) Note: Costs & Prices vary from place to place.

25. Construction cost : per square meter basis • Sl.No Specifications Cost Rs/m2 • 1 If double layer polyethylene used 100 • 2. Co2 generation & distribution 150 • 3. Evaporative cooling 200 • 4 Heating system 100 • 5. Humidification system 100 • 6. Lighting 200 • 7. Night curtain / Shading system 150 • 8. Drip system 20 • 9. Nutrient application system 100 • 10 Porous flooring 100 • 11. Benches 150 • 12. Structural cost 300 • 13. Miscellaneous 180 • Average cost of High Cost Greenhouse per square metre Rs. 2000.00

26. Various subsidy schemesNHM ( National Horticulture Mission) Source: National Horticulture Mission, www.nhm.nic.in ( Scheme validity: up to end of XI plan )

27. APSHM(AP- State Horticulture Mission)www.apshm.ap.nic.in Pattern of Assistance * Only 50% to 75% shade net is to be used. Maximum ceiling :- 1000 sq. mtrs per beneficiary under shade net house & Green House.

28. Crop Suitability • Low Cost Greenhouse/ Shade net: • Nurseries of high value vegetables – Tomato, Chillie etc • Nurseries of high value fruits- Papaya, Strawberries etc • Ornamental nurseries • Vermiculture

29. Crop Suitability • Medium Cost Greenhouse: • Seed industry – Seed purification, Screening tests. • Vegetable cultivation – Value crops like Melons, Capsicum, Beans, Cucumbers, Tomato • Export Floriculture- Rose, Carnations, Gladiolus • Tissue culture- Hardening of Banana, Straw berry

30. Crop Suitability • High cost Greenhouse: • Hydroponic / Aeroponic cultivation ( Soilless) • Orchid cultivation • Tissue culture • Mushroom culture – ( Button mushroom) • High value vegetables: Tomato, Peas

31. Benefits / Risks Risks High initial investments More need for skilled man power Suitable for limited crops High maintenance cost. Difficult to maintain optimum growing conditions Fertilizer deficiencies/ excess Release of toxic gases Power failures Susceptibility to certain pests( Mites) and fungal diseases. Tall growing tendency of the plants Difficulty in inter cultivation and land preparation Damages due to high wind gales/ Fire/ Other calamities Benefits Risks • Off- Season cultivation • Enhanced productivity / Quality • Efficient use of inputs • Effective control of pests and Diseases • Implementation of tissue culture techniques • Commercial nurseries of high value crops • Hydroponic/ Aeroponic cultivation of crops

32. Greenhouse Service Providers in Andhra Pradesh

33. Greenhouse Service Providers in Karnataka

34. Greenhouse Service Providers in TN

35. Greenhouse Service Providers in UP ( Uttar Pradesh)

36. Greenhouse Service Providers in Kolkata

37. Greenhouse Service Providers in Surat

38. Greenhouse Service Providers in Mumbai

39. Greenhouse Service Providers in Pune

40. Greenhouse Service Providers in Delhi

41. Greenhouse Service Providers in Gujarat

42. Greenhouse Service Providers in Punjab ( Ludhiana)

43. Greenhouse Service Providers in Rajasthan Source of suppliers: www.indiamart.com www.indianyellowpages.com

44. Thank you eFresh India Pvt. Ltd