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C. Law of Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium website. C. Law of Chemical Equilibrium. 50. 45. 40. 35. 30. Reactants. moles. 25. 20. Products. 15. 10. 40. 40. 5. 35. 35. 0. 30. 30. A. B. C. D. 25. 25. Reactants. moles. 20. Reactants. 20. moles. Products. Products. 15. 15. 10. 10. 5. 5. 0.

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C. Law of Chemical Equilibrium

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  1. Equilibrium website C. Law of Chemical Equilibrium 50 45 40 35 30 Reactants moles 25 20 Products 15 10 40 40 5 35 35 0 30 30 A B C D 25 25 Reactants moles 20 Reactants 20 moles Products Products 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 A B C D A B C D At equilibrium, [reactants] and [products] are constant. Ratio of [products]:[reactants] will not change, even if concentrations change If we double the amount of A, the reaction shifts to maintain the same ratio of products to reactants

  2. 1. Equilibrium constant Number which indicates ratio of the [prod] to [react] [products] Keq = [reactants]

  3. [products] [reactants] Keq = 2. Meaning of Keq If we have more reactants than products at equilibrium, 5 M Keq is small = 0.5 10 M A Keq < 1 means more reactants Reverse reaction is favored If we have more products than reactants at equilibrium, 100 M Keq is big = 10 10 M A Keq >1 means more products Forward reaction is favored Example - For 2 H2O <==> H3O+ + OH-, Keq = 1 x 10-14. Which is higher [H2O] or [OH-] ? Keq is less than 1, so more reactants [H2O] is higher

  4. Examples - Tell which is favored, the forward or the reverse reaction. A. Ag(NH3)2+ <==> Ag+ + 2 NH3 B. N2 + 3 H2 <==> 2 NH3 Keq = 8.9 x 10-8 Less than 1 Reverse reaction Keq = 6.7 x 105 More than 1 Forward reaction Changing Keq values Pressure and concentrations will not change the ratio of [products] :[reactants] If you add more reactants or products to one side, the equilibrium will shift to maintain the same ratio. The only way to alter the value of a chemical reaction's Keq is to change the temperature!

  5. Ksp Solubililty Product Constant Chemical (s) Chemical (aq) Everytime a solid chemical is dissolved in water, the equation can be written the same way. When we write the Keq value for this, we end up with Chemical (aq) Chemical (s) Keq = This type of Keq is called Ksp – Solubility product constant Meaning of Ksp High Ksp Lots of chemical has dissolved in water soluble Low Ksp Little of chemical has dissolved in water insoluble No chemical has a Ksp of zero. Nothing is completely insoluble.

  6. Examples – According to chart M, which is more soluble? a. AgBr or ZnCO3? b. CaSO4 or PbI2?

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