Ivar Arana Pardo Member of National Steering Comite

1. Community-BasedAdaptation (CBA) • Bolivia Climate Risk Assessment at the Community level integratingcommunityperspectives and utilizing local knowledge Ivar Arana Pardo Member of NationalSteeringComite

2. How measure climate change in Local condition? • How should be prepared the communities for face to Climate Change? • Local climate observation integrated to development • Weaknesses community perception of climate change, social pressures and migration like to indirect effect to climate change. • Local practices community perspectives and local knowledge climate risk. • Conclusions

4. How measure climate change in Local condition? • Nature observation for understand climate change for communities indigenes. • Understand relationship between climate, productive systems and ecosystems. • Historical memory about climate event and their impacts in livelihood. • Change in floristic composition and wildlife.

5. BIOINDICATOR Bioindicadores • If Thola (Parastrephia lepidophilla) flowers early it tells first seeding begin; if it does not Flower The community don’t have first seeding. • If it has fruit between September and October, They have good production. • If fruit not finish their mature They have frozen or/and drought. • KariwaWhen flower between in October – November is meaning that is time a seeding, If it early flower there are seeding early too. • When flower abundance and yellow is time of seeding for Good production.

6. Wild animalsobservations Fox • When fox finish their howl is advertence there are not good production. • But if it not finish their howl it is stopped by stun between their howl adverting the community will have a good production. • When fox will make their burrow in low land near the lake This meaning that not has a lot of rainfall. • When this birth make a nestle in high place meaning which a lot of rainfall; But if make in lowland is sure has drought . • When has eggs put in high point and more big and uniform meaning which better potatoes production; but when it has small point and in less density there will less production. Leke leke

7. Pilot experience in two regions of Bolivia like and select by CBA projects. • Two regions are mountains areas. • Both regions has different particularities in water supply. • Theses regions has different responses of communities. • They have high property level. • Also theses regions have problems under actual condition and additional impact to climate changes which increasing their more properly

8. Climatechange Landscape /Ecosystems Livelihoods Productivesystems Forest /brush Natural grassland Foodsecurity Familiar incoming Agriculture WaterResource Energy Livestoock Market Soil Education Others Health Biodiversity Cultura Climatevariability

9. Vulnerability and perceptions to climate change by communities • Productive systems are highly dependent on climatic conditions. • Lack of access to technology • Reliant on subsistence agricultural production. • Inter-annual and inter-decadal variability has immediate impact on agriculture activities. • To long term reduce opportunities in Economic Active Population and these leave their communities.

10. CLIMATE VARIABILITY • Increased frequency and intensity of extreme events associated with climate variability ENSO Multivariate Index with number of emergency declaration • Floods, hailstorms, and others event produce serious road and settlement infrastructure damage Climate Geological Enviroment , Fires, Social

11. CLIMATE VARIABILITY

12. Proxy indicators – ecological, microclimatic changes that are readily apparent to communities • Family income • Technology access • Contribution of agricultural production to GDP • Retreating glaciers and reduction of streamflows. • Recurrent drought in micro-regions and disturbances in in animals, plants, and ecosystems • Emergence of new pests and diseases in crops and livestock. • Increasing ecosystem vulnerability – forest fires, etc.

13. Perspectives and Local Knowledge in Climate Risk Assessment • To assess climate change risk is not necessary only to know the behavior of climatic parameters • One must understand the relationship of the parameter with livelihood and ecological variables that are important to the community • Social perceptions are evaluated in participative meeting when all participant interchanges experiences – a form of social research.

14. Food Insecurity related with extreme climate events, temperature increase and others Droughts Hailstorms • Pest and Diseases in Crop Frost Polilla de la papa Gorgojo de los Andes Tizón Tardío de la papa

15. WATER RESOURCES IMPACT • Diseases related with food availability • Malnutrition and compromise of childhood growth and development Competition for final destination of food production

16. Recurrent droughts in low lands and unusual areas of Amazonia • Changes in ecosystem configuration • Lost of Biodiversity • Forest degradation

17. PND Good to living NATIONAL ADAPTATION MECHANISM (SECTORIAL) TOP DOWN PROCESS Nacional Departamental Municipal COUNTIES PILOT ADAPTATION PROJECTS Salud Organizaciones de base Gestión de Riesgos CBA Project Contributing to Adaptation measure implementation BOTTON UP PROCESS

18. CLIMATE CHANGE INCLUDED IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN • ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES • REDUCTION OF GRENHOUSE GASES AND CARBON SECUESTRATION • Programa de Certificación de reducción de emisiones, secuestro y conservación. • ProgramaNacional de Secuestro de Carbono. • Programa de Cambios de MatrizEnergética y eficienciaenergéticapara la Reducción de emisiones de GEI. • CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION • Programa de prevención de desastres en sectoresvulnerables. • Programa de adaptación de sistemas de subsistenciavulnerables. RecursosHídricos; recursosEnergéticos; soberaníaalimentaria. • Programas de Educación.

20. National Climate Change Adaptation Mechanism Sectorial Programs Food Security Water Resources Human Settlement and risk Management Health Ecosystem Scientific research Education, Capacitation, and public awareness Anthropological aspects and ancient knowledge Strategic targests Cross cutting Programs Cross cutting Programs • Strategies • Strategic liason • Legal Framework • Help sectorial iniciatives • Mainstreaming climate change Civil Society, comunnities organization ONGs Counties Universitys Prefecturas Adaptation measurements Implementación

21. ADAPTATION PROCESS D E V E L O P M E N T Local,Sectorial and National Planning Progress measurement and experiences learning Implementation Hazards Disaster Recuperation Protection and evacuation Emergency answers Desastre DISASTER

23. ADAPTACION PROCESS POLICIES BUILDING Strategies and Measurements Implementation ADAPTACION VULNERABILITY ASSESMENT Fase I Fase II

24. BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE LIVILIHOOD IMPACTS • Vulnerability Assessment for extreme events impacts and climate change sensitive diseases • Integrate focus • Early warning systems development • Building Capacities • Public awareness raising • Develop adaptive capacity • Maistreaming • Increase adaptive capacity for long term • Building structural scenarios • Adjust policy and implmentation in national strategies. • Development of concrete adaptation measures – intersectoral and multi-level • Evaluate progress and learn from experience • Technological Innovation • Emphasize the relationship between the biosphere and the prosperous development of society

25. ADAPTATION PROCESS (NMACC) Mainstreaming Present and future vulnerability identification Proactive Behavior of rural comunity

26. Understandclimatetrendforpreparing response

27. CONCLUSIONES CONCLUSIONES • Capitalizar el conocimientos ancestrales de las comunidades, es muy importante. • Explicar a partir de la ciencia los fenómenos observados en naturaleza. • Integrar a la toma de decisiones de la comunidad e incidir en políticas públicas a partir de la experiencia local. • Establecer un dialogo entre el saber local y los resultados de la ciencia. • Todo integrado a la toma de decisiones podrá garantizar la sostenibilidad