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Planning for Food Access

Planning for Food Access. CDC Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity Teleconference November 19, 2009 Kimberley Hodgson, MURP, MS, RD Manager, Planning & Community Health Research Center American Planning Association khodgson@planning.org. American Planning Association.

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Planning for Food Access

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  1. Planning for Food Access CDC Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity Teleconference November 19, 2009 Kimberley Hodgson, MURP, MS, RD Manager, Planning & Community Health Research Center American Planning Association khodgson@planning.org

  2. American Planning Association • Non-profit, professional membership & education organization • Over 44,000 members • Advocates & encourages good planning practices http://www.planning.org

  3. Planning & Community Health Research Center Mission • Integrate community health issues into every stage and phase of urban and regional planning practice. http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health

  4. Planning & Community Health Research Center Priority Areas: • Physical activity and active living • Access to healthy food • Aging population and people with disabilities • Community design • Schools • Environmental justice and social equity • Environmental health • Future planners and health professionals http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health

  5. Learning Objectives • Explain how urban planning related policies can influence the community food system. • Describe the role of the local comprehensive plan in improving food access at the local government level. • List 3 planning-related regulations that can be used to preserve community gardens and other forms of urban agriculture.

  6. Community Planning & Food Access • Types • Number • Location • Proximity

  7. Changing the Food Environment • Partnerships & Consensus Building • Visioning & Goal Setting • Assessments • Plan-Making • Regulations • Site Design & Development • Public investment

  8. COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM ASSESSMENT • Inventory, assessment and analysis of selected community food system characteristics

  9. Greater Philadelphia Food System Study • Conducted by Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission • Evaluation and analysis of the regional food supply • Stakeholders • Agricultural resources • Production trends • Natural resource constraints • Origins and destinations of food imports and exports • Economic significance of the food economy. Source: http://www.dvrpc.org/Food/FoodSystemStudy.htm

  10. Source: http://www.dvrpc.org/Food/FoodSystemStudy.htm

  11. PLAN-MAKING • Comprehensive or general plan • Strategic plans • Sub-area plans • Functional plans

  12. The comprehensive plan • Required by state statute (in most states) • 10-30 year vision • Goals, action items, and policies for the future of a community • Social, economic and environmental topical areas • Legal foundation for local level regulations, policies and ordinances • Public and private decisions that affect the long-range future of a community

  13. The comprehensive plan (cont.) • Mandatory Elements • Transportation • Housing • Land Use • Natural Resources • Optional Elements • Economic Development • Parks & Open Space • Water & Air Quality • Health • Agriculture • Food

  14. Comprehensive plan-making process Image Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/docManager/1000000775/00_Introduction.pdf

  15. Plan-making for food access • Community food access issues • Public engagement and education • Community goals & objectives • Action steps & policies • Long-term health of the community

  16. Source: http://www.kingcounty.gov/property/permits/codes/growth/CompPlan.aspx

  17. Goal Examples

  18. Goal Examples (cont.)

  19. Source: http://www.migcom.com/projects/view/3

  20. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  21. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  22. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  23. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  24. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  25. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  26. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  27. Source: http://www.co.marin.ca.us/depts/cd/main/fm/cwpdocs/CWP_CD2.pdf

  28. Source: http://www.ci.baltimore.md.us/government/planning/sustainability/

  29. REGULATIONS • Development regulations • Design guidelines and standards • Financial incentives and policies

  30. Zoning • Divides land into different land use categories which determine how the land can be used: • Specifies what can or cannot be built on the land:

  31. Source: http://citymaps10.phila.gov/ZoningOverlay/ and http://www.zoningmatters.org/facts/districts

  32. Zoning for Food Access | Used-Based Zoning • Use-Based Zoning Regulations • Permit location of healthy food outlets • Conditionally permit or restrict certain food outlets • Prohibit unhealthy food outlets

  33. Zoning for Food Access | Other Zoning Regs • Other Zoning Regulations • Incentive Zoning • Performance Zoning • Interim Zoning • Restrictive Covenants

  34. Zoning for Healthy Food Retail • New York, NY • Chicago, IL

  35. NYC Food Retail Expansion to Support Health Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/misc/html/2009/fresh.shtml

  36. 6,000 sq ft retail space | 30% perishable foods | 8% fresh produce NYC FRESH Criteria • Who is eligible? • What are the requirements to become a FRESH store? • Why become a FRESH store? What are the incentives? Grocery Store Operators | Developers

  37. NYC FRESH Zoning Incentives • Additional floor space • Taller buildings • Less parking

  38. NYC FRESH Financial Incentives • Real Estate Tax Reductions • Sales Tax Exemption • Mortgage Recording Tax Deferral

  39. Limiting Restrictive Covenants | Chicago • Prevent competitors from using land • Limits new store development • Reduces access to fresh, affordable food • Contributes to neighborhood blight Source: http://www.metroplanning.org/articleDetail.asp?objectID=2935

  40. Source: http://www.metroplanning.org/cmadocs/Restrictive_covenants_issue_brief.pdf

  41. Zoning for Urban Agriculture • Boston, MA • Minneapolis, MN • Ann Arbor, MI • Chattanooga, TN

  42. Zoning for Unhealthy Food • Ban • Concord, MA; San Francisco, CA; Newport, RI; Carlsbad, Calistoga, and Solvang, CA • Cap • Berkeley, CA • Distance • Arden Hills, MN • Moratorium • Los Angeles, CA

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