Unit 2: the Cities, the Progressives

1. Unit 2:the Cities, the Progressives Chapters 15-16

2. The Great Immigration A huge increase in immigration after the Civil War ” • Irish • Germans • Yiddish-Speaking Jews • Scandinavians (Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, Finns and even a few Icelanders and Faeroese) • Hungarians • Russians • Italians • Slavs • English

3. Bröder vi har långt att gå Över salta vatten Å så finns Amerika Invid andra stranden Inte är det möjlik Ach jo det är så frödelik Skada att Amerika Skada att Amerika Ligger skall så långt ifrån Träden som på marken stå Söter är som socker Landet är av flickor fullt Däjeliga docker! Let us go brothers Over the salt water There’s Amerika On the other shore Isn’t it wonderful Yes it fabulous Too bad that America Too bad that Amerika Is so far away Trees grow in the ground Sweet as sugar The place is full of girls Man, that’s great! Amerikavisan (Swedish Folk Song)

4. Inte är det möjlik Ak jo det är så frödelik Skada att Amerika Skada att Amerika Ligger skall så långt ifrån Solen den går aldrig ned Släkt i var jag människa Här är munterhet och sång Källare full Champangje Inte är det möjlik Ak jo det är så frödelik Skada att Amerika Skada att Amerika Ligger skall så långt ifrån Isn’t it wonderful Yes it fabulous Too bad that America Too bad that Amerika Is so far away The Sun never sets All your friends are there All is joy and song Cellars full of Champagne Isn’t it wonderful Yes it fabulous Too bad that America Too bad that Amerika Is so far away

5. The American Workforce:Immigrants Impact • Workers came to alleviate labor shortage • Workers slowly became prosperous • Self-Help Societies • Assimmilation • No assistance from government, more or less

6. Part III Bright Lights – Big City The Growth of America’s Cities at the turn of the Century

7. The Growth of the City Physical Changes to the City Landscape • Mass Transit • Paving • Sewers • Parks • City Services • Skyscrapers • Electricity and gas

8. Flatiron Building New York City

9. Carson Pirie Scott Bldg. (1903) 1 South State St. Chicago, IL

10. Hamm Building (1915) 408 St. Peter St. St. Paul, MN

11. TenementsRow Houses 3-Deckers

12. Minneapolis-St. Paul, 1880

13. Adrian “Cap” Anson Honus Wagner Baseball in the 19th and early 20th Century

14. Christopher Von der Ahe “Old Hoss” Radbourne Baseball in the 19th Century

15. Status Quo Politics in the Gilded Age • Five Presidents between 1877-1893 • Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) - Republican • James Garfield (1881) – Republican -assassinated • Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) -Republican • Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) -Democrat • Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) -Republican • Little difference between the parties, or factions within the parties

16. Biggest Issues of the Time • Patronage & Spoils System Reform • 1883 Pendleton Act • Regulation of Railroads • The Tariff

17. The Populists • Economics of the 1890’s (Depression of 1893) • Farm foreclosures • Railroad bankruptcies • Stock market drop • Unemployment up • Farmers suffering in profits • Farmers needed organization & representation: The Grange Movement & Farmer’s Alliances:

18. The Populist Platform in 1892Omaha, Nebraska • Labor Unions, which give a voice to workers, be allowed to exist. • Transportation & Communication, owned by the government • Land, should be cheap • Banks owned by the government • Australian Ballot • 16-1 ratio of Silver to Gold in currency • Graduated Income Tax • Direct Election of Senators

19. William Jennings Bryan (D) -supported bimetallism -Was supported by Populism Delivered “cross of gold speech” Rep. called him radical, revolutionary, and anarchistic William McKinley (R) Gold bug Front-porch campaign & Mark Hanna Called upon big business and raised a lot of money Wins election, but the door is open for reform and eventual Progressivism Election of 1896

20. Populism & The Wizard of Oz • Dorothy- Everyman – Everyman • Uncle Henry & Auntie Em – Lonely independent Homesteaders • Hard working, little reward, everything is grey • Wicked Witch of the West- the Railroads • Wicked Witch of the East-the Banks

21. Populism & The Wizard of Oz • Munchkins- Factory “slaves” to the big business- remember the Wicked Witch of the East had cast a spell on them making the Munchkins her subjects. Or the Indians? • Tin Woodman- Industrial worker who lost economic independence because of factories . • Scarecrow-Farmers • Lion- Bryan

22. Populism & The Wizard of Oz • Wizard of Oz – any POTUS from Grant to McKinley - comes in various forms but essentially does the same thing- nothing but smoke. • Yellow Brick Road- the Gold standard • Silver slippers (in the book they were silver) bimetallism • Flying Monkeys – Pinkertons • Emerald City- Big Cities specifically Washington D.C.

23. Goals of the Progressives • Protecting Social Welfare • Address urban problems • YMCA, Salvation Army, Illinois Factory Act • Promoting Moral Improvement • Reformers believed that morality was the key to improving the lives of workers & immigrants. • Prohibition & WCTU • Creating Economic Reform • Sought to change the economic system full of struggling immigrants • Thoughts of Socialism & Eugene Debs • Fostering Efficiency

24. Progressive Presidents Roosevelt and his Square Deal • Northern Securities Case • Coal Strike of 1902 • Pure Food and Drug Act • Meat Inspection Act • Hepburn Act • Newlands Act

25. Progressive Presidents Taft • Roosevelt’s giant shadow • Payne-Aldrich Tariff

26. Progressive Presidents Wilson’s New Freedom • Election of 1912 • Underwood Tariff • 16th & 17th Amendments • Federal Reserve Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • FTC