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Understanding Ecological Succession: Primary vs. Secondary Changes in Ecosystems

Explore the gradual changes in species composition in an area with and without existing soil through primary and secondary ecological succession. Learn about pioneer species, community interactions, and the progression towards a climax community. Get ready for tomorrow's quiz!

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Understanding Ecological Succession: Primary vs. Secondary Changes in Ecosystems

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  1. Wednesday 10/9 • Go over Exit Slip Questions • Ecological Succession Notes • Benchmark Two Quiz Tomorrow • Benchmark Retake Quiz Tomorrow

  2. Agenda Reminder: Benchmark Two Quiz Tomorrow Benchmark Retake Quiz Tomorrow Today: Short Review! Notes on Succession

  3. Ecological Succession

  4. Question of the Day What shapes an ecosystem? • Biotic and Abiotic Facors • Niche • Community Interactions: Predation, Competition, Symbiosis (Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism)

  5. What is it? The normal GRADUAL (takes a long time) changes that occur in the types of species that live in an area

  6. Ecological Succession There are two main types of succession, primary and secondary. • Primary succession is the series of changes that take place when there is no soil present. For example, after a volcano or destroyed coral reef. • Secondary succession is the series of changes that take place when there is soil present. For example, after a fire, hurricane, flood, destruction by man, or tornado

  7. Which one do you think takes longer? Answer Primary Succession Why? The rocks need to break down to make the soil before new species will grow

  8. What Species Comes first? Pioneer Species These are the FIRSTspecies to grow They can be different depending upon the area. Example: is it a forest, a pond, a wetlands….?

  9. What makes the difference between primary and secondary succession? The key is whether there is soil already present or does the soil need to be made from broken down rock.

  10. Examples of Pioneer SpeciesPioneer- FIRST species to grow • Mosses

  11. Pioneer Species- FIRST Stage • Lichens -do not need soil to survive They can survive drought, extreme heat and cold, and other harsh conditions and start the soil building process. Lichens produce a weak acid that eats away at the rock and breaks it down into soil

  12. Pioneer Species – FIRST Stage • Algae- many types

  13. Second Stage Second plants to become established after the disturbance (taller grasses, small shrubs). Shrubs

  14. Third Stage - bushes Third species to become established

  15. Fourth Stage- usually small trees; depends on ecosystem Fourth species to become established

  16. Final Stage - Climax Community Last species to appear; some say it is not really finished growing.

  17. Secondary Succession • Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms • Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession • Examples: Hurricane, flood, destruction by man, Fire

  18. What types of human activities can disturb an ecosystem? Examples: -

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