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Temperature and Heat Concepts Explained Simply

Understand temperature scales, heat transfer, specific heat capacity, and thermal equilibrium with practical examples and equations. Learn about phases of matter and energy conversion easily.

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Temperature and Heat Concepts Explained Simply

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  1. HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS CHAPTER 21

  2. VOCABULARY • WHAT IS TEMPERATURE ?P 307 • WHAT IS KINETIC ENERGY ? • HOW IS KINETIC ENERGY APPLIED TO TEMPERATURE? P307-308 • WHAT IS THE TOOL FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE? • WHAT ARE THE 3 COMMON TEMPERATURE SCALES?P 308

  3. 6. READ AND SUMMARIZE INFORMATION REGARDING THE 3 TEMPERATURE SCALES- USE THE WORKSHEET 7. COPY AND MEMORIZE THE IMPORTANT TEMPERATURE SCALES IN FIG2-9A

  4. 8. EQUATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE CONVERSION :

  5. 9. EXAMPLES OF TEMPERATURE CONVERSION A. B. C.

  6. Vocabulary p 309-311Discuss • 10. Heat • 11. Thermal Energy • 12. Internal energy • 13. thermal contact • 14. Thermal equilibrium • 15. Kilocalorie = Calorie • 16. calorie

  7. 16. calorie • 17. 1 calorie = ______ Joules • p 311 • 1 Calorie = ______ Joules • 18. Computational Example • P 312 2000 Cal/day = ____Joules/sec

  8. 17. Specific heat capacity • 18. Computational Example • p 314 • 19. Calculate the number of calories of heat needed to change 200 g of water by 30 Celsius degrees.

  9. 20. Calculate the number of calories given off by 700 g of water cooling from 50 oC to 20oC • 21. A 20 g piece of iron is heated to 100oC and then dropped into cool water where iron’s temperature drops to30oC • c= specific heat for iron = 0.11 cal/goC

  10. 22. Suppose 60 grams of iron was dropped into another container of water and gives off 200 calories in cooling. Calculate the iron’s temperature change • C= 0.11 cal/goC • 23. What mass of water will give up 300 calories when its temperature changes from 100 degrees C to 45 degrees C

  11. 24. When a 40 grams piece of aluminum at 100oC is placed in water , it loses 588 calories of heat while cooling to 30oC . Calculate the specific heat capacity of the aluminum .

  12. 25. What would be the final temperature of the mixture of 70 grams of 20oC of water and 40 grams of 40oC water.

  13. CW : Heat 1. The temperature of a piece of copper with a mass of 95.4 g changes from 25oC to 48OC when the metal absorbs 849 J of heat. What is the specific heat of copper? 2. Calculate the heat required in calories to change 15 grams of ice at -10oC to 15oC (c of ice= 0.5 cal/goC). Convert your answer to joules.

  14. 3. # 45/ p 324

  15. HW : # 19-#24 p 323 # 40, 43,45 p324

  16. Ca Standard 8.8.5-8 Objectives: Students will be able to define matter and list the 3 phases of matter. Students will be able to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of matter and will be able to explain the reasons for those characterictics.

  17. Monday:Solid , Liquid and Gas Solid • Has definite shape • Has definite size or volume Liquid • No definite shape • Has definite size or volume Gas • No definite shape • No definite volume or size

  18. Particles Inside Matter Write and share something about the following: Atoms Democritus and his ideas Dalton and his ideas about atoms Molecules Scanning Tunneling Microscope

  19. Water Molecule (H2O)

  20. Copper Molecules (Element)

  21. Carbon Dioxide Molecule

  22. Oxygen Gas Molecule(O2)

  23. Characteristic Properties –property which identify substances. Do vocabulary • Hardness • Melting Point • Boiling Point • Color • Size • Shape • Shininess • Malleability • Ductility • Conductivity to heat and electricity

  24. Boiling Points Water - 1000 C Ethyl Alcohol– 78C Mercury – 356.6 0C Melting Points Aluminum – 6600 C Lead - 327.40 C Gold - 10630 C Copper - 10860 C Iron - 15350 C Boiling Points and Melting Points

  25. Vocabulary II • Solid • Crystalline Solid • Amorphous Solid • Liquid • Viscosity • Fluid • Gas • Volume • Temperature • Pressure

  26. Amethyst is violet quartz crystal

  27. Crystalline Solids

  28. Salt Molecule

  29. Amorphous Solid

  30. Viscous LiquidsViscosity-

  31. Water Molecule (H2O)

  32. Alcohol C3H7OH

  33. Viscous FluidThree-dimensional turbulent flow created by a wake vortex from a cropdusting aircraft. (Image is taken from NASA's Web site: http://www.nasa.gov.)

  34. Fluids-

  35. Gas

  36. Carbon Dioxide Molecule

  37. Physical Change Alters the form of a substance but does not change it to another substance Chemical Change Changes into a different substance with different properties Thursday:Physical & Chemical Changes

  38. Energy Thermal Energy • Energy from the movement of its particles Chemical Energy • Energy from the chemical bonds of atoms within . Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy changes from one form to another but no energy is lost

  39. Thermal Energy • Matter changes whenever energy is added or taken away • When something is heated , it gains thermal energy • When something is cooled , it loses thermal energy

  40. Tuesday Temperature Conversion

  41. Changes Between Liquid and Solid 1. Melting Heat is Absorbed - change in state from solid to liquid - melting occurs at a temperature called melting point SOLID LIQUID Ice -00C= 320F B. Freezing Heat is Released - the change of state from liquid to solid - reverse of melting - occurs at a temperature called freezing point LIQUID  SOLID Freezing Point of water= 00C=320F

  42. Changes between Liquid and Gas 3. Vaporization Heat is absorbed Liquid gains enough energy to become gas Liquid  Gas 3a. Evaporation Vaporization that takes place on the surface of the liquid Ex. Ocean 3B. Boiling Vaporization that takes place inside a liquid Ex . Boiling water Boiling Pt of water = 1000C= 2120F

  43. 4. Condensation Heat is released - gas loses thermal energy to become liquid Ex. Clouds form when water vapor condenses to water droplets suspended in air GAS  LIQUID Ex. Breath air onto a mirror ( cold surface) GAS  LIQUID

  44. Changes Between Solid and Gas E. Sublimation Heat is absorbed - when the surface of a solid gains more energy to become gas . - Particles do not pass liquid state at all SOLID  GAS Ex. Solid air freshener ; dry ice(CO2)

  45. Friday :Temperature, Volume and Pressure

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