Blood borne Pathogen Training

1. Blood borne Pathogen Training Nicole King RN

2. What is a Bloodborne Pathogen? • Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. • These pathogens include, but are not limited to: • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

3. How is a bloodborne pathogen transmitted • Bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B and HIV can be transmitted through • contact with infected blood and other potentially infectious body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, and any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood. • Transmission of a bloodborne pathogen can occur through: • Sexual contact without a condom • Sharing of hypodermic needles • From mothers to their babies at or before birth • Accidental puncture from contaminated needles, broken glass, or other sharps • Contact between broken/damaged skin and infected body fluids • Contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids • Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against bloodborne pathogens. However, infected blood and body fluids can enter your system through open sores, cuts and abrasions, acne, any damaged or broken skin, or the mucous membranes of eyes, nose, or mouth if you are splashed with contaminated fluid.

4. RISK EXPOSURE DETERMINATION PROCESS • The following tasks are deemed to increase the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. • These tasks are used in the formulation of the employee risk exposure matrix: • a. Occupational Tasks Causing Risks • 1. Administration of First Aid • 2. Administration of CPR • 3..Cleaning Blood/Body Fluid Spills • * 4. Assist with Injured Students/Staff • 5. Intervene in Violent Incidents • 6. Work with students who are at greater risk of injury than the general population

5. Methods to Prevent or Reduce Exposure • If it’s not yours DON’T TOUCH IT!! • Universal Precautions • All human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens. Proper selection of protective equipment will be required, dependent on the possibility of exposure and the job being done, i.e., cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), first aid, etc.

6. Methods to Prevent or Reduce Exposure cont’d • Please us gloves when handling any of the 5 P’s • Pee (urine) • Poop (feces) • Pus (wound drainage) • Plasma (blood) • Puke (vomit) • Snot (nasal secretions)

7. Methods to Prevent or Reduce Exposure, Work Practice Controls • Hand washing is the first line of defense in preventing infection. You should wash your hands with soap and water as soon as possible after each potential infection contact and after removal of gloves and other PPE. • Needles and Sharps. Disposable contaminated sharps are to be placed in needle disposal containers. These containers must be puncture-resistant, leak-proof, and red in color. The container must be able to be closed securely. Coordinate with host service component medical officials for assistance. • Food and Drink. Food and drink will not be kept in refrigerators or freezers or stored in areas where blood or other possibly infectious materials are present. Eating will not be allowed in these areas. • Cosmetics. Cosmetics will not be applied in areas where there is a possibility of contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. • Contaminated Equipment. A method of identifying/marking contaminated equipment will be coordinated with host service component and medical officials. This will be done by labeling, color-coding and/or isolation prior to moving it to another site for cleaning or decontamination.

8. Methods to Prevent or Reduce Exposure, PPE • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is maintained by the school nurse and will be handed out as needed, PPE may include: • gloves, face shields, eye protection, mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, and other PPE as needed. • Always wash hands after removing gloves, and if torn replace as soon as possible

9. Types, Use, Location, Handling, Decontamination, and Disposal of Protective Equipment • All contaminated sharps and broken glass will be put in puncture resistant containers that may be closed. These containers must be disposed of daily. • There is a sharps container located in the nurses office. • Biological Hazardous Waste labels will be put on containers. • The housekeeping/custodial staff will be provided training on the safe handling and cleaning, as well as decontamination, of various types of surfaces and soils, • Contaminated clothing will be placed in a plastic disposable bag. The bag must be sealed and disposed of daily. The hazardous label must be attached. • Coordinate with school nurse for assistance.

10. Hepatitis B Vaccination and/or Declination Process • Employees with high risk of possible occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during their work will be notified by the school nurse, that they may receive hepatitis-B vaccination within ten (10) days of their assignment. • Vaccine will be provided at no cost to the employee through host service component medical services. • Laboratory testing for evidence of pre-existing immunity to hepatitis B may be part of the hepatitis B vaccination program of the host service component medical services. • Employees with a high risk who do not wish to receive the Hepatitis-B vaccine may sign a waiver within the ten-day period declining the immunization. • However, should the employee desire to receive the hepatitis-B vaccine at a later date, they may do so. • Vaccine for hepatitis-B immunization will not be given if the employee has previously had the vaccine, is immune, or has a medical condition that contraindicates receiving the vaccine.

11. Post exposure • If you incur a blood or potentially infectious material exposure, report to your supervisor immediately • ALL employees qualify for post exposure treatment after an incident occurs.

12. FYI • For minor cuts and scrapes, encourage students to administer their own first aid, by applying pressure with gauze to stop the bleeding, cleansing and bandaging the wound, and disposing of all contaminated materials appropriately. If your assistance is needed, first put on a pair of gloves. • Have students with nosebleeds or bleeding wounds, apply pressure to the nose (and hold a tissue under the nose to catch any blood) and bleeding wounds PRIOR to being dispatched to the nurse’s office! • Both students and staff should remove clothing that is contaminated with blood as soon as possible.

13. When Completed • After you have read through the ENTIRE presentation, please stop by the IC to sign off. • HAVE A GREAT DRAGON DAY!!

14. References • DoDEA Regulation 4800.5 • Enclosure 1 & 2 • Bloodborne Pathogen Training. Kyte, Jennifer APRN.