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EGYPT – Gift of the Nile

EGYPT – Gift of the Nile. Powerdraw.

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EGYPT – Gift of the Nile

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  1. EGYPT – Gift of the Nile

  2. Powerdraw • You are being asked to start a new city on a newly discovered continent. This continent has many physical features. Use some of the features below to draw the perfect location for your new city. Draw some of these features around it. Be as specific as possible. • River • Ocean • Lake • Mountains • Hills • Plains • Desert • Coast • Forest

  3. Why was the Nile important? Provided water Yearly floods deposited silt, nutrient rich rocks, sand, and soil, into the farmland Useful for transportation and trade

  4. Egypt • Upper Egypt • Southern part of Egypt • From first cataract (waterfalls) of Nile north to within 100 miles of the Mediterranean • Lower Egypt • Delta Region where Nile River empties into Mediterranean • Around 3100 B.C. - King Menes (Upper Egypt) united Egypt • Nile used for travel between the regions • First united state

  5. Egyptian Dynasties • The Early Period • Old Kingdom (2700 BC - 2200 BC) • First Intermediate Period • Middle Kingdom (2050 BC - 1800 BC) • Second Intermediate Period • New Kingdom (1500 BC - 1100 BC) • Third Intermediate Period • Persians/Greeks/Romans

  6. Accomplishments of… Please read pgs. 112-118 and list three accomplishments from each kingdom. OLD KINGDOMMIDDLE KINGDOMNEW KINGDOM Lower and Upper Egypt were unified Kings were viewed as gods in human form Built with stone rather than mud Built the pyramids Egypt was secure and prosperous Egypt expands into Nubia and Fertile Crescent Rise of a middle class Middle class could own land Took prisoners of war as slaves Increased trade in other regions Military innovations under the Hyksos Mastered new military technology Recruited a standing army Egypt expands into Nubia and Fertile Crescent again Amenhotep promotes monotheism Polytheism restored

  7. Powerwrite • Answer the following prompt in at least 100 words using only your imagination… “How were the pyramids built?” • Be creative! • Also, be realistic! • Issues to address: • How did they carry 20,000 pound stones from the quarry to the site? • How did they stack these stones hundreds of feet in the air? • How did they get the stones to stay in place?

  8. Egyptian Power structure • Kings (Pharaohs) • Around 3100 B.C. – Kingdoms unite • Kings claimed to be divine – part God • Absolute power • Organized strong, centralized state • Kings would rule in a series of dynasties • Dynasty – series of rulers from the same family • 31 different dynasties throughout around 3000 years • Vizier • Pharaoh’s right hand man and main administrator

  9. Egyptian Social Structure Pharaoh High Priests Nobles Merchants, Scribes, Artisans Peasant Farmers

  10. Role of Women • Could inherit property, enter business deals, buy and sell goods, go to court, enter priesthood, work outside of home and obtain a divorce • Few women could read or write • Excluded from becoming scribes or holding government jobs • Queen Hatshepsut • Pharaoh from 1479–1458 B.C. • Nefertiti • Wife of Amenhotep (1353–1336 BC) • Cleopatra • Last pharaoh before the Romans conquered Egypt

  11. Early Developments • Papyrus • Used to build roofs, boats, baskets, and PAPER • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD_Yopn5c70 • Hieroglyphics • Written language of Egypt • Oldest examples of early hieroglyphics date to between 4000-3200 B.C. • How do we know what they say? • Rosetta Stone • Hieroglyphics • Demotic Script • Ancient Greek

  12. hieroglyphics

  13. Demotic script

  14. Egyptian origin myth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTy49JlgJZE

  15. Creation myth • Get in groups of 2-3 students. • Forget everything you know about religion/history/science. • Create your own CREATION MYTH explaining how our world, and ourselves were created. Be sure to include: • At least 5 gods who played a part in the process • An explanation of how different elements of the earth were created • An explanation of how/why people were created

  16. Egyptian Gods • Atum – Creator god • Shu - god of air • Tefnut- goddess of moisture • Geb – god of earth • Nut – goddess of the sky • Osiris – King of Earth – then King of underworld • Isis – Queen of Earth • Horus – Killed Seth • Pharaohs were the living embodiment of Horus • Seth – god of chaos - killed Osiris • Nephthys – goddess of death • Anubis – god of embalming • Other gods: • Amun – King of the gods • Ra – Sun god • Amun-Ra – combination of the two • Thoth – god of writing and knowledge • Hapy – god of the flood • Maat – god of truth, justice, and order

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