Russian Revolution

1. Russian Revolution

2. Background to Revolution • Russia fights Japan in 1905, suffers a humiliating defeat. • Shows Russia to be unprepared militarily for industrial warfare. • Russia is behind in technology needed to sustain industrial warfare. • Russia had no competent military leaders. • Czar Nicholas II was a weak monarch

3. Russian Government Before Revolution • Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar) • Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited. • Russia had no constitution, • no political party system to check the Tsar's power • A strong secret police which terrorized the people.

4. Royal BackgroundNicholas II • Created the first secret police in Russia, brutal leader, response to revolt of army officers in 1825

5. Czar Alexander II • He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of serfdom, • In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States. • Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The People’s Will

6. Czar Alexander III • Alexander III's reign was during an industrial revolution in Russia . • His reign was harsh, against revolutionaries and other liberal movements.

7. Czar Nicholas II (1894)Last Czar of Russia • Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler • The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

8. Czar Nicholas II and Family

9. Russo-Japanese War (1904) Dispute over Manchuria with Japan Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

10. Bloody Sunday (1905)

11. Russia and World War I • Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary • War becomes unpopular • Rationing leads to starvation • Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front

13. Rasputin

14. Rasputin • Rasputin- uneducated peasant from Siberia who claimed to be a holy man. • He gained influence and power over the royal family. • His influence became the symbol of the “weak” Russian monarchy

15. Rasputin with Admirers

18. Beginnings of Upheaval • Russia had poor leadership in government and the military. • Suffered a series of Military and Economic disasters. • The People grew up set with the Russian regime. • Even Conservative Aristocrats who supported the Monarchy wanted to over throw the government.

19. Czar Nicholas II was an autocratic ruler. • During World War I, Czar Nicholas II wife Alexandra ran the country as he fought the war. • Czar Nicholas II had little to no knowledge of her important decisions.

20. March Revolution (1917) • 1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over. • Czar abdicates • Provisional government (Duma) takes control lead by Alexander Keresnky • Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

21. Vocabulary • Define the following words in 1 or 2 sentences. Chapter 11. p 372-374. Communist Bolsheviks Anti-Communist Lenin Red Russian Soviet Union White Russian Communism Marxist Abdicate

22. October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917 • Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread” • Won support of people (especially peasants)

24. Descent to Civil War • Russian signs the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. • Giving up large tracts of land for peace. • The treaty ends foreign wars, but Russia falls into Civil War between Communist and Anti-communist forces.

25. Communist Army under Leon Trotsky defeats the White Russian forces. Leads to the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Communist do not trust the Allied powers or outsiders in general. Communist Triumph

26. 1918 • 1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

27. 1919-1920 1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions. • 1920- Reds defeat Whites

28. Lenin and the Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk taking Russia out of World War I. March 3, 1918 Lenin’s beliefs rooted in Communist ideology of Karl Marx. Blamed the war on capitalist governments. “The way to crush the bourgeoisie is to grind them between the millstones of taxation and inflation.” -Vladimir Lenin

29. Lenin’s direction, the Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to revolution. • Only violent revolution could destroy the capitalist system. • March 1917 Lenin saw an opportunity for the Bolsheviks to sieve power. • Lenin and the Bolsheviks reflected the discontent of the people.

30. Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 • Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) -moderate mix of capitalism and socialism • Political Reforms -Bolshevik party became Communist Party -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

31. Communism • A Form of Socialism • Central Planning of the Economy by the State • Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay

32. 1924 • Lenin Dies • Power Vaccuum • Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin • Stalin takes control • Now must decide how he will maintain power • Decides to create a totalitarian state

34. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State • Dictatorship- Absolute Authority • Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation • State Control Over All Sectors of Society • Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts • State Control Over the Individual • Obedience • Denies basic liberties • Organized Violence • Uses force to crush opposition

35. Stalin’s Totalitarian State • State Control of the Economy • 5 year plan, collective farms • Police Terror • Great Purge, crush opposition • Religious Persecution • Control of the individual • Propaganda (socialist realism) • Molding peoples minds • Education • Controlled by the government

38. Questions • What was there events of the Russian Revolution? • Describe the peoples view of the Czar. • What was the allies reaction to the Russian Revolution? What was their response? • Why did the allies fear a separate peace between Russian and the Central Powers?

39. Russian Revolution activity You need to draw one picture. Your picture needs to show events from; the Russia during World War I, the Russian Revolution or Communist victory in Russia. • Your picture has to have a slogan and description 3 or 4 sentences in length. • Make sure your name is on the back of the picture • The picture must be turned in at the end of the class period.