Holography

1. Holography History, Science, Art

2. Holography Technology Themes surrounding Holography A Walk Through History of Holography Show-casing MargeretBenyon Holography of the Present Holography of the Future

3. Holography - Popular Perception in Cinema

4. Holography - Today

5. What is Holography? Greek word Holos + Graphien Also known as lens-less photography A Three Dimensional image on a surface "freezing an image on its way to your eye, and then reconstructing it with a laser" It captures the cross section of the 3 Dimensional surface Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made It captures the depth, parallax and its changing aspects from all angles

6. What is Holography? Greek word Holos + Graphien Also known as lens-less photography A Three Dimensional image on a surface "freezing an image on its way to your eye, and then reconstructing it with a laser" It captures the cross section of the 3 Dimensional surface Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made It captures the depth, parallax and its changing aspects from all angles

7. What is Holography? Greek word Holos + Graphien Also known as lens-less photography A Three Dimensional image on a surface "freezing an image on its way to your eye, and then reconstructing it with a laser" It captures the cross section of the 3 Dimensional surface Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made It captures the depth, parallax and its changing aspects from all angles

8. What is Holography? Greek word Holos + Graphien Also known as lens-less photography A Three Dimensional image on a surface "freezing an image on its way to your eye, and then reconstructing it with a laser" It captures the cross section of the 3 Dimensional surface Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made It captures the depth, parallax and its changing aspects from all angles

9. What is Holography? Greek word Holos + Graphien Also known as lens-less photography A Three Dimensional image on a surface "freezing an image on its way to your eye, and then reconstructing it with a laser" It captures the cross section of the 3 Dimensional surface Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made It captures the depth, parallax and its changing aspects from all angles

10. What is Holography? Greek word Holos + Graphien Also known as lens-less photography A Three Dimensional image on a surface "freezing an image on its way to your eye, and then reconstructing it with a laser" It captures the cross section of the 3 Dimensional surface Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made It captures the depth, parallax and its changing aspects from all angles

11. How does it work? Is a result oftwo physical phenomena: interference and diffraction of light waves. The light source must be monochromatic: Laser Fig: Reflective Holography

12. How does it work? Is a result oftwo physical phenomena: interference and diffraction of light waves. The light source must be monochromatic: Laser To reconstruct a 3-Dimensional object you require: Laser light Beam splitter Lens Fig: Reflective Holography Mirrors If a hologram is broken into small pieces, the entire image would still be viewable through any of the broken pieces! An object Photographic Emulsion plate Isolation Table

13. Brief History - Sciences Invented by Denis Gabor - 1948 He called it “Wavefront” Reconstruction Its initial purpose: correct errors in electron Microscopy Military research done at Willow Run Laboratories – University of Michigan – Ann Arbor In 1962, EmmmettLeith and JurisUpatnieksthe first laser transmission hologram of 3-D objects Russian Scientists: Yuri Denisyukand Lippman worked different aspects of Holography Fig: Denis Gabor. Holographic Image Their invention: Ruby Pulsed laser helped in creating holographic cinema… And the Reflective Holograms

14. Brief History – unrest/politics Research in the 1960s, even holography, was for the advancements in “post-war” science. Leith and Upatneik’s at Willow Run Laboratories, U-M Ann Arbor was military funded. The research grant was for the development of side-reading radar. The result was the first laser transmission hologram of 3-D objects U-M at Ann Arbor, and the Willow Run Laboratories became a focus for student protests through the 1960s. Fig: Emmett Leith (right) and JurisUpatnieks at the Radar & Optics Lab, Willow Run Laboratories, 1964. Students for a Democratic Society(SDS) and League of Industrial Democracy((LID), Ann Arbor chapter, protested against the involvement of military funds in university research

15. Brief History – Counterculture By 1964, protests and the wider youth movement was dubbed as “counterculture” by social analysts. Counter-culture movement brought attention to military funded university research undertakings. Owing to the protests of students and faculty alike, University administrators distanced itself from military funded research The University of Michigan: Students for a Democratic Society(SDS) sponsor a march through the streets of Ann Arbor for a protest against the Vietnam War. By 1972, WRL was reorganized as a Not-for- profit company, situated away from the university. There was a distancing between scientists/holographers and the wider culture Holographic research became a fugitive activity by 1970s.

16. The University Climate and the News Detroit Daily News – 4 Dec, 1969 Willow Run labs, which thrived during the 1950s on open ended research grants, have been compelled to seek contracts for specific projects whose aims are defined in advance. Moreover, there seems to be a serious morale problem at the labs, stemming mainly from the classified research controversy which began in the 1967 and culminated in a report recommending guidelines for secret research and the establishment of a classified research committee review contract proposals submitted by lab researcher…It has been distressing beyond words for the researchers to find themselves looked down upon as being involved in an “evil” business” Fig: Protestors demonstrate against corporate recruiters with known war research affiliations (from Michigan Daily Photograph collection)

17. Holography and Subcultures Scientists distanced themselves from the infamy by creating their own enterprises This exodus fostered the growth of a number of subcultures of Scientists, Hybrid Engineers, technology-based artists, amateur holography enthusiasts and entrepreneurs Enthusiasts had been drawn to the subject by popular articles magazines such as Scientific American. While the professionals focused on optical image processing and holographic memories, the amateurs and artists were drawn to the excitement of visual displays. Fig: Still life Hologram. 1969 Before artists were enticed by the potential of into the world of holography, images captured were of mundane everyday objects The new communities were nurtured at schools of holography, art studios and startup businesses

18. Holography as an Art Form I entered a dark tent that was filled with moving and scintillating dots of red laser light, diffracted by a primitive holographic diffraction grating. Outside again, blinking in the bright sunshine, I found that the random event of visiting an art festival had become a vehicle for a conscious choice. I knew that if I re-entered the tent, it would change the direction of my life. I discovered two strong aesthetic motivations that day, laser light and holography. The festival's background jazz music formed a third motivation. With the addition of my interest in glass, these elements were to become my primary artistic pre occupa- tions for the next 20 years. - Nancy Garglione City Lights by Nancy Gorglione (1982)

19. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present Was the first woman Holographer Began to make Holograms in 1968 Her work has been recognised with academic fellowshipsand artists' residencies Was included by HM the Queen in the New Year Honors List 2000 for services to art. Margaret Benyon Currently an honorary Professorial Visiting Fellow at the College of Fine Art at the University of New South Wales

20. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present I found that because people had never seen holograms they were confused about what they were looking at, or even what they were looking for, sometimes being unable to find the image at all without guidance. So I decided that this approach was self-defeating, and began to use more familiar subject-matter and a range of different approaches to explore the new medium. Interference Box: 1969 Laser transmission hologram

21. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present CAT’S CRADLE 1983. Reflection hologram. Silver halide on glass

22. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present TIGIRL 1985 Reflection hologram and reproduction. Silver halide on glass

23. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present FLORA 1986 Reflection hologram Silver halide on glass.

24. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present SPLIT BENEDICT 1989 Reduced reflection hologram collage. 3 colours. Silver halide on glass.

25. Holography as an Art Form Works of MargeretBenyon 1968 - present DORSET MARKER 2002: Loose film hologram resting on a small rock ground to a flat surface contained in a perspex box.

26. 1948 Image: Original hologram of Gabor from his Nobel lecture Wavefront Reconstruction Invented by Denis Gabor - 1948

27. 1960 Laser was invented

28. 1962 Image: Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made Emmett Leith and JurisUpatniekduplicate Gabor's technique to create the first laser transmission hologram of a 3-D object

29. 1967 Image: the first mass-distributed hologram published in the world Book Encyclopedia

30. 1967 Image: Holographic portrait of Denis Gabor in honor of winning the Nobel Prize. Larry Siebert of the Conductron Corporation used a pulsed laser that he designed to make the first hologram of a person.

31. 1968 Image: Dr. Stephen A. Benton,, seen through "Crystal Beginning,” produced at the Polaroid Corporation 1968 when Dr. Stephen A. Benton invented white-light transmission holography

32. 1968 Image: The image appears to be so real that visitors are often tempted to reach out and touch it The first holographic art exhibition was held at the Cranbrook Academy of Art

33. 1971 Image: "Rainbow Spaceman," a white-light transmission hologram produced in 1973 by Gerry Pethickand Lloyd Cross. Cross and his associates started the San Francisco School of Holography in 1971

34. 1972 Image: "Kiss II" (1974), an integral hologram produced by Lloyd Cross, inventor of the process. Lloyd Cross developed the integral hologram by combining white-light transmission holography with conventional cinematography to produce moving 3-dimensional images.

35. 1974 Professor Victor Komar developed the principles of holographic motion pictures Professor Victor Komar developed the principles of holographic motion pictures

36. 1976 Image: World's first true-public two-minute holographic film with a monochromatic image Komar's team in 1976 produce the world's first true-public two-minute holographic film with a monochromatic image.

37. 1984-86 Image: In 1986, the Gorky Film Studio in Moscow started shooting the first 20-minute holographic movie. Komar'sgroup solved the problem of color. Several short holographic films with color 3-D images were shot and projected.

38. 1986-2011 Where is my Holo-Movie Theatre?

39. Where is my Holo-TV? It is 3 decades since star wars (1977) Technology always in the future..just out of reach The proximate future is a future infinitely postponed Haven’t evolved beyond authentication features on driver's licenses and credit cards. Still grappling with bettering image quality Fig: Still Image from Minority Report (2002)

40. Why isn’t it here yet? 3-D Television already a reality, It is just not Holography Media inflates and future potential of technology

41. Concept of Hologram Changing

42. Concept of Hologram Changing

43. Concept of Hologram Changing

44. Widely used in Show Biz and Trade Shows

45. Applications of Holography Holographic Sensors Holographic Medicine Interactive Holograms Holographic Displays

46. Thank You Questions?