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Management in Healthcare: The Frontline Management Initiative in Victoria. Chris Selby Smith 1 & Ian Roos 2 1 CEET, Monash University 2 CPELL, University of Melbourne Funded by Australian Research Grants Scheme. The ARC Project. Appropriateness of FMI to CS&H industry?
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Management in Healthcare:The Frontline Management Initiative in Victoria Chris Selby Smith1 &Ian Roos2 1 CEET, Monash University 2 CPELL, University of Melbourne Funded by Australian Research Grants Scheme
The ARC Project • Appropriateness of FMI to CS&H industry? • How widely is FMI taken up in CS&H in Victoria? • Which providers and users are involved? • Can management training for frontline managers in CS&H industry can be improved?
Stages of Project • Background to industry • Other relevant research • Interviews with FMI provider organisations • Interviews with FMI user organisations • Survey of individual participants
The CS&H Industry • Large > 10% of GDP • Significant private sector – approx 30% • Contested area between governments • Commonwealth contributes just under 50% • State 25% • Local government and community inputs make up the rest • Labour a critical input: 65 — 75% • Workforce predominantly female, with many part-time • Entry level qualifications vary: • School leavers – years 10, 11 & 12 • trade/TAFE qualifications • undergraduate and postgraduate degree • Tradition of continuing education and training
Scope of Project P- Providing/Using FMI O - other than FMI frontline management training
Reasons for FMI training • Provider Organisations • extension of existing management education activities • FMI as part of change management • User Organisations • internal change • environmental change
Participants Surveyed • Gender: 52% male, 48% female • Age Range: • < 25 3% • 25-34 19% • 35-44 34% • 45-54 36% • 55-64 8% • >65 - Education: • 6% no formal education beyond school (even spread years 10, 11 &12) • 27% TAFE certificate • 27% TAFE diploma (including hospital based nursing qualification) • 25% Undergraduate degree • 21% Postgraduate (mainly Grad Dip or PostGrad Dip – 2 Masters, 1PhD)
Who Does What and Why • Level of Study (positive correlation between age and level of study [p = 0.01]) • 6% certificate III • 33% certificate IV • 56% diploma (Level V) • Experience: length of service with employer • > 5 years 69% • 1-5years 31% • < 1 year 0% • Employment status: 90% full time, 62% on day shift (36% mixed shifts) • Why participate in FMI program? • Self request 20% • Management invited participation 38% • Supervisor suggested they participate 35% • Told to participate by management 7%
Issues for User Organisations • Unsatisfactory delivery • Pedagogy and curriculum • Assessment • Participation and interaction • Costs • Contextualisation and transferability
Issues for Provider Organisations • FMI participants from large enterprises • Supplementation of FMI material • Concern about assessment • Changes they would like to see: • Increased industry contribution for an effective program • Explore ways to deliver to SME’s, particularly geographically dispersed • Greater interaction of participants within organisations and between organisations • Provision of further (relevant) teaching and learning materials
Issues for Participants FMI participants were generally supportive of their FMI programs, but substantial minorities had issues: • Contextualisation • Assessment • Pedagogy and curriculum • Usefulness of program Possible improvements to FMI program: • 87% would have liked to have learnt more about different ways of managing • 70% would have liked more interaction with people who manage in different ways • 42% wanted more theoretical knowledge, 53% believed the amount of theoretical knowledge was about right.
Conclusion • Effectiveness depends on the misfit or match between provider/user/participant • Strengths • Weaknesses • Major issues of Funding, Costing and Charging (warrant further attention)
Learning Mode of Provider Style of Organisation Learning Style of Individual Sources of Misfit Unstructured Structured Organic Mechanistic Informal Formal
Other Issues • Varied Approaches • brokerage role for Department? • Safety Net • will auditing correct this? • Is FMI front-line-management? • Has it become a middle management tool? • Funding, Costing and Charging • Does the patient/client culture of the industry mitigate against management training?