The New Deal and its Impact on the Great Depression

1. Standard Addressed: 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. Learning Objectives: Section 1 – A NEW DEAL FIGHTS THE DEPRESSION 1. Summarize the initial steps Roosevelt took to reform banking and finance. 2. Describe New Deal work programs. 3. Identify critics of FDR’s New Deal. CH 15-SEC 1

2. QUIZ! First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-15-1

3. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

4. Section 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression After becoming president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt uses government programs to combat the Depression. NEXT

5. THE NEW DEAL AMERICA GETS BACK TO WORK

6. SECTION 1: A NEW DEAL FIGHTS THE DEPRESSION • The 1932 presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change • Republicans re-nominated Hoover despite his low approval rating • The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt

8. Electing Franklin Delano Roosevelt • Democrats nominate NY governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt • reform-minded; • projects friendliness, • confidence • Democrats overwhelmingly win presidency, Senate, & House

9. ROOSEVELT WINS OVERWHELMING VICTORY • Waiting for Roosevelt to Take Over • With “Brain Trust,” FDR formulates policies to alleviate problems • Election in November • inauguration in March • New Deal—relief for needy, economic recovery, financial reform FDR easily won the 1932 election

10. CONGRESS GETS BUSY • FDR’s philosophy was to get people help and work through “deficit” spending • During the 100 Days, Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of legislation that significantly expanded government’s role in the nation’s economy and welfare

11. FDR LAUNCHES NEW DEAL • FDR promised a “new deal” for the American people • He took office with a flurry of activity known as “The Hundred Days” • The 100 Days lasted from March to June 1933

13. An Important Fireside Chat • FDR gives fireside chats—radio talks explaining New Deal measures • First chat discusses need for public support of government, banks

14. Chapter 15: Section 1MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS B – How successful were FDR’s fireside chats? • It was very successful. Many Americans returned their savings to banks, showing increased confidence in the banking system.

15. QUIZ! First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-2-1

16. SECTION 1 continuedAmericans Get a New Deal Regulating Banking and Finance • Glass-Steagall Act establishes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - insures individual bank accounts, regulates banking practices • Federal Securities Act—companies must give all information on stocks • Securities and Exchange Commission created to regulate stock market • FDR gets law allowing production of some alcoholic beverages • 21st Amendment repeals prohibition by end of 1933 NEXT

17. TO DO LIST: #1- HELP BANKS • First order of business was to get the banking system in order • On March 5, one day after taking office, FDR declared a bank holiday • He persuaded Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which authorized the Treasury Department to inspect the nation’s banks

18. Chapter 15: Section 1MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS A – What plans did Roosevelt make in the four months waited to take office? • FDR began to formulate a set of policies to alleviate the problems of the Depression

19. Guided Reading:Business Assistance and Reform

20. QUIZ! First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-2-1

21. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Regulating Banking and Finance Glass-Steagall Act establishes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - insures individual bank accounts, regulates banking practices

22. AMERICANS GAIN CONFIDENCE IN BANKS • Next, FDR passed the Glass-Steagall Act which established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • The FDIC insured account holders up to $5,000 and set strict standards for banks to follow (today = $400,000)

23. Guided Reading:Business Assistance and Reform

24. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Federal Securities Act companies must give all information on stocks Securities and Exchange Commission created to regulate stock market FDR gets law allowing production of some alcoholic beverages 21st Amendment repeals prohibition by end of 1933

25. Guided Reading:Business Assistance and Reform

26. SECTION 1 continuedHelping the American People Promoting Fair Practices • NIRA establishes codes of fair practice for industries - creates National Recovery Administration (NRA) • NRA sets standards, prices, limits production • Food, Clothing, and Shelter • Home Owners Loan Corporation gives loans to prevent foreclosures • Federal Housing Administration gives loans for mortgages, repairs • Federal Emergency Relief Administration—direct relief to needy NEXT

27. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Promoting Fair Practices • NIRA establishes codes of fair practice for industries - creates National Recovery Administration (NRA) • NRA sets standards, prices, limits production

28. Guided Reading:Business Assistance and Reform

29. SECTION 1 Helping the American People Rural Assistance • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raises food prices, lowers supply • Tennessee Valley Authority creates jobs renovating, building dams Providing Work Projects • Civilian Conservation Corps—public works jobs for young men • Public Works Administration—money to states to create jobs • Civil Works Administration builds rural schools, pays teachers Continued . . . NEXT

30. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Agricultural Adjustment Act: (AAA) Raised crop prices by lowering production Paid farmers not to farm Paid farmers to burn/destroy crops

31. Guided Reading: Farm Relief / Rural Development

32. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Tennessee Valley Authority: (TVA) Focused on direct relief to hard hit area– created ambitious dam projects

33. TVA

35. Chapter 15: Section 1MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS • C – How did New Deal programs affect various regions of the United States? • The TVA developed an impoverished area by providing flood control and power and by building dams. Members of the CCC planted trees to help prevent another dust bowl.

36. Guided Reading:Farm Relief / Rural Development

37. ALPHABET AGENCIES • CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work • Men ages 18 to 25 worked building roads, parks, planting trees (200 million trees in Dust Bowl areas) • By 1942 three million men worked for the CCC

38. Guided Reading:Farm Relief / Rural Development

39. ALPHABET AGENCIES • FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Agency provided $500 million in direct relief to the neediest Americans Citizens wait outside a FERA in Calipatria, CA for relief checks

40. Guided Reading:Employment Projects

41. ALPHABET AGENCIES • PWA – Public Works Administration was part of the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) • The PWA provided money to states to construct schools and community buildings PWA workers construct a public building in Lawndale, California

42. Guided Reading:Employment Projects

43. ALPHABET AGENCIES • CWA – Civil Works Administration built 40,000 schools and provided salaries for 50,000 teachers in rural America • Also built 500,000 miles of roads CWA School in Woodville, CA

44. Guided Reading:Employment Projects

45. Chapter 15: Section 1MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS D – How did the New Deal support labor organizations? • It guaranteed workers’ right to unionize and to bargain collectively.

46. QUIZ! First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-2-1

47. SECTION 1 The New Deal Comes Under Attack • The Supreme Court Reacts • Supreme Court strikes down NIRA, AAA as unconstitutional • FDR proposes “Court-packing bill”; Congress, press protest • Starting in 1937, justices retire; FDR appoints seven new ones Continued . . . NEXT

48. SUPREME COURT REACTS • By the mid-1930s, the Supreme Court struck down the NIRA as unconstitutional (citing too much government control over industry) • The Court also struck down the AAA on the grounds that agricultural was a local matter -- not a federal matter The Supreme Court -- 1935

49. FDR REGAINS CONTROL OVER SUPREME COURT • From the mid to late 1930s, FDR was able to appoint 7 new judges (Justices) to the Supreme Court, thus assuring that his programs would carry on unabated

50. WINSTON CHURCHILL “Any man who is under 30, and is not a liberal, has no heart; and any man who is over 30, and is not a conservative, has no brains.”