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Researching Consumption and Sustainability. Convenor: Dr Ben Anderson - Department of Sociology, University of Essex With: Dr Adrian Evans - Department of Sociology, University of Essex Dr Alison Browne - Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster
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Researching Consumption and Sustainability Convenor: Dr Ben Anderson - Department of Sociology, University of Essex With: Dr Adrian Evans - Department of Sociology, University of Essex Dr Alison Browne - Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster Dr Sue Venn & Dr Kate Burningham - Department of Sociology, University of Surrey Dr Murray Goulden - Horizon Research Institute, University of Nottingham Miss Joanne Parker - Department of Geography, University of Lougborough
Consumption by proxy: Analysing Traces of Water Dr Ben Anderson - Department of Sociology, University of Essex Dr Alison Browne - Lancaster Environment Centre Dr Will Medd - Lancaster Environment Centre ESRC Sustainable Practices Research Group 3 July 2012
Why: Water is (going to be) a problem • Supply problems: • Locally/regionally scarce • Climate change effects? • Energy problems: • ‘Clean’ water costs • ‘Clean’ is a moving target • Demand problems: • 50% used by households • Drivers not well understood • Climate change effects? • Demographic problems • Increasing single person households • With no ‘behaviour’ change and no flow controls 2050 Source: DEFRA, 2011
Regulation/ Market/ Supply Policy levers Conceptual Framework ‘habits’ ‘bodily and mental routines’ ‘permanent dispositions’ Water consumption = f(price + demographics + practices + attitudes) + error ?! ? Education Information Exhortation
Entities Performance Practices? a temporally unfolding and spatially dispersed nexus of doings and sayings Schatzki, 1996 ‘habits’, ‘bodily and mental routines’ ‘permanent dispositions’ Reckwitz, 2002; Why people don’t do what they ‘should’ - Jim Skea, 2011 habituation, routine, practical consciousness, tacit knowledge, tradition Performance often neither fully conscious nor reflective Warde, 2005
Practice Traces “The recurrent enactment of specific practices leaves all sorts of “marks” – diet shows up in statistics on obesity; heating and cooling practices have effect on energy demand, and habits of laundry matter for water consumption. Identifying relevant “proxies” represents one way to go.” SPRG Discussion Paper, 2012 Image: Eric Shipton, 1951
What is currently unclear… Water Consumption Demographics Practices Attitudes Price Error (uncertainty/things we can’t measure)
What is currently unclear… Water Consumption "Value <-> Action Gap" Demographics Practices Attitudes Price Error (uncertainty/things we can’t measure)
Proxy (Expenditure & Food Survey 2002-2009) £ water/week Demographics Fruit & Veg Shampoo,soap detergents £/week Garden products Tea, coffee, juices Price Attitudes Household water demand - proxies and traces Ideal water (l/day) Demographics Practices Price Attitudes
c11521t margarine and other vegetable fats c11711t leaf and stem vegetables (fresh or chilled) c11731t vegetables grown for their fruit (fresh, chilled or frozen) c11751t dried vegetables c11761t other preserved or processed vegetables c11781t other tubers and products of tuber vegetables c12241t vegetable juices ‘Veg’ Why consumption survey data? • Large n (c 6,000) & high quality (ONS) • Free for non-commercial use! • Household & individual expenditures • Finely coded • May reveal differing practices
Modelling approach • Expenditure & Food Survey 2002-2009 • 2005 prices • Selection: • Have water meter (England) • Pay water & sewerage combined
Modelling approach • Model • Metered water expenditure - demand proxy • Demographics (household) • Ownership of dishwasher/washing machine • Consumption expenditures - practice traces • Plus controls: • Income, number of earners, region, • Tenure, number rooms, number of cars, accommodation type Proxy (EFS 2002-2009) £ water/week Demographics Fruit & Veg Shampoo,soap detergents £/week Garden products Tea, coffee, juices Price Attitudes
Overall model performance • Contributions to model
Demographic effects (Traces of Practices?)
Water traces: ‘Practices’ effects Traces of Practices?
Conclusions • The practice proxies approach offers value • But confounding problems? • Expenditures as proxies? • Garden/soil type? • Period of water use? • Included sewerage costs? • Where next? • Practices based survey • Linked to metered consumption data
Thank you! • ESRC Sustainable Practices Research Group • www.sprg.ac.uk/projects-fellowships/patterns-of-water Contact: • Ben Anderson (benander@essex.ac.uk)