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Polyamides

Polyamides . These are condensation polymers made when di amines join with di acids. A di amine contains 2 amino or amine groups in the molecule. Amide group NH 2 Naming amines – end in amine, start with prefix for number of carbons – CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 This is ethyl amine H H

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Polyamides

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  1. Polyamides • These are condensation polymers made when di amines join with di acids. • A di amine contains 2 amino or amine groups in the molecule. • Amide group NH2 • Naming amines – end in amine, start with prefix for number of carbons – CH2 CH2 NH2 • This is ethyl amine • H H I I N - - N a di amide I I H H

  2. Polyamides • Example H H O O I I II II N - - N + C – Δ - C I I I I H H HO OH

  3. H H O O I I II II N - - N – C – Δ – C + H2O I I H OH H O I II The N – C is the amide link.

  4. More info! • Nylon is a polyamide. • It is a thermoplastic. • We can make different polyamides by altering the number of carbons in the chain. • They can be used for ropes, clothing, pulleys. • The N-H and C=O groups in molecule allow for H bonding. Resulting in very strong polymer.

  5. Synthesis Gas • This is a mixture of CO and H2. • It is made by steam reforming methane. • We use synthesis gas to make methanol. • This is oxidised to form methanal. • Methanal is used to make thermosetting plastics. • The methanal is used to cross link the polymer chains in a condensation reaction. • This gives a rigid 3D structure. • Examples – bakelite, urea – formaldehyde resin. • Thermosetting plastics.

  6. New Polymers • Kevlar • It is an aromatic polyamide which is extremely strong because the linear molecules are rigidly packed. • It is formed by condensation polymerisation. • Hydrogen bonds form between polymer sheets. • It is very strong and is used to replace steel in car tyre radials, bullet proof vests, fencing jackets, motor bike clothing. It is abrasive resistant.

  7. Poly( ethenol) • This is a soluble plastic. • It is made by ester exchange: • Ethenyl ethanoate –> addition polymerisation –> poly( ethenyl ethanoate) –> ester exchange –> poly( ethanol). • It is used for laundry bags, dissolving stitches, protective coatings over new cars. • The % of acid groups that are removed in the reaction affects the intermolecular forces and therefore the solubility.

  8. Poly ( ethyne) • This is an addition polymer made from ethyne. • It can be treated to enable it to conduct electricity. • This is due to the delocalised electrons along the chain. • Conducting polymers make the membranes for loud speakers.

  9. Poly ( vinyl carbazole) • This is an addition polymer. • It is exhibits photoconductivity – it conducts much better when light shines on it. • It is used in photocopiers.

  10. Biopol • This is a natural polymer that is biodegradable. • It is made by certain bacteria. • It can be broken down by bacteria in the soil.

  11. Low Density Poly (Ethene) LDPE • This can be altered to be photo degradable. • It breaks up in sunlight. • Carboxyl groups are added to the chain that can absorb UV light. The trapped energy causes bonds, around the COOH group, to break and the polymer breaks into smaller pieces.

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