Empires and Shifts in Power from 1200 to 1800

1. 9/24 Focus: • In Asia, the period from 1200 to 1800 was a time of great empires and shifts in power. From the Eastern Mediterranean Sea to India, strong Muslim rulers built large empires. • In Japan, the Tokogawa Shogunate created a strong central government but began to isolated itself from foreigners • Do Now: • What is one difference between the way the Tokogawa dealt with foreigners and the Mughal dealt with foreigners

2. Ottoman, Mughal, Tokogawa Test Review

3. Ottoman Review Turkish • _________________ group that conquered the _____________ Empire in 1453 • Use of ______________ and __________________ allowed the Ottomans to break through the walls of Constantinople; they were led by Mehmet the II • Constantinople gave them control of important ________________ Byzantine Gunpowder artillary Trade Routes

4. Ottoman Review • Established an _______________ empire which gave them control of parts of the _________________, _____________________, and ____________________ • Ottoman control of _________________ trade routes forced European nations to search for _________ routes to Asia Islamic Middle East North Africa Eastern Europe overland sea

5. Ottoman Review • Ottoman society was very _____________________ • Rulers were known as _______________________ • Established_____________ and were _____________ of other religions as long as they paid the _____________and followed Ottoman law diverse sultans millets Tolerant Jiyza tax

6. Ottoman Review Koran • Ottoman laws were based on the _________ • _______________________expanded the Ottoman Empire and ruled during a golden age • Suleiman was an __________ruler and was known to promote religious toleration in the Ottoman Empire Suliman the Magnificent absolute

7. 9/25 Focus: • The Tokogawa Shogunate was fearful of the influence that Christian missionaries could have on Japanese society • The Mughal Empire was excited to trade with European merchants to gain access to finished goods • Do Now: • What impact did the Closed Country Edict have on Japanese relations with European countries?

8. Mughal Review Islamic • ______________Empire that was first established by Babur in Northern _________ in 1526 • Mughals were descendants of the __________and were known for their use of ___________ and ________________ in battle India Mongols gunpowder artillery

9. Mughal Review Akbar the Great • ____________was the grandson of Babur and became the ruler in 1556 • He was an _________ruler who modernized the army and he expanded the Mughal control over India • He centralized ________ and expanded trade • promoted ________________in India by ending the jiyza tax on __________ and by allowing Hindus to work in the _____________ • These actions created political________________ and _____________ prosperity in India absolute power Religious toleration Non-Muslims government stability economic

10. Mughal Review Aurangzeb • ________________was the grandson of Akbar the Great and became the emperor in 1658. • was much less tolerant of other _____________ in India • reinstitute the ________________on non Muslims and did not allow Hindus to hold government jobs; religious ____________between Hindus and Muslims broke out Religions Jiyza tax Conflict

11. Mughal Review Letter to James I, King of England The letter of love and friendship which you sent and the presents, tokens of your good affections toward me, I have received by the hands of your ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe (who well deserves to be your trusted servant), delivered to me in an acceptable and happy hour; upon which mine eyes were so fixed that I could not easily remove them to any other object, and have accepted them with great joy and delight. Upon which assurance of your royal love I have given my general command to all the kingdoms and ports of my dominions to receive all the merchants of the English nation as the subjects of my friend; that in what place so ever they choose to live, they may have free liberty without any restraint; and at what port so ever they shall arrive, that neither Portugal nor any other shall dare to molest their quiet; and in what city so ever they shall have residence, I have commanded all my governors and captains to give them freedom answerable to their own desires; to sell, buy, and to transport into their country at their pleasure. For confirmation of our love and friendship, I desire your Majesty to command your merchants to bring in their ships of all sorts of rarities and rich goods fit for my palace; and that you be pleased to send me your royal letters by every opportunity, that I may rejoice in your health and prosperous affairs; that our friendship may be interchanged and eternal. • Religious turmoil and civil wars created political ________ and led to the decline of the Mughal Empire • Mughal leaders wanted to ________with the British • The British took advantage of the ____________of the Mughal Empire to spread their influence into India instability trade weakness

13. Tokogawa Review land • Japanese Feudalism • Lords give ________ and protection to vassals in exchange for loyalty and _________________Provided stability for society Military service

14. Tokogawa Review Emperor • ___________________: no real power • ___________________: (military general) has all the power • ___________________: lords, control the land •  ______________: warriors, follow Bushido which is their code of conduct (similar to Chivalry) • _______________: farms the land Shogun Daiymo Samurai Peasants

15. Tokogawa Review centralized • Tokugawa Shogunate • Created a strong, ____________ form of feudalism in Japan • Developed the _____________ which required the Daimyo to live in Edo; family members had to stay in Edo when Daimyo returned to their lands • This system ended ___________between Daimyos and brought stability to Japan Hostage System fighting

16. Tokogawa Review • There were many cultural developments that occurred as a result of political stability • Improvements in farming led to _____________ • Construction of roads and bridges promoted _____________________ Population growth Economic prosperity

17. Tokogawa Review Foreigners • Tokugawa began to see _____________ as a threat to Japanese culture • Issued the _____________Edict of 1635 which began a period of ________ from the West. Closed Country Isolation