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Operating Systems

Operating Systems. Sameer Mahajan. Overview. Process management Interrupts Memory management File system Device drivers Networking (TCP/IP, UDP) Security (Process/Memory protection) I/O . History . 1940’s First Generation – no OS 1950’s Second Generation – single stream batch

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Operating Systems

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  1. Operating Systems Sameer Mahajan

  2. Overview • Process management • Interrupts • Memory management • File system • Device drivers • Networking (TCP/IP, UDP) • Security (Process/Memory protection) • I/O

  3. History • 1940’s First Generation – no OS • 1950’s Second Generation – single stream batch • 1960’s Third Generation – multiprogramming batch • Fourth Generation – microprocessor

  4. Types • Realtime • Single user vs. Multi user • Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking • Distributed • Embedded

  5. Examples • UNIX – 1% • Mac OS (Lion, Snow Leaopard, Leopard, X Server) – 6% • Google chrome • AmigaOS • MS Windows (8, 7, Vista, XP, w2k8, w2k3) – 90% • Mobile Devices – iOS, Android, Windows Phone 7, Symbian

  6. Components • Kernel • Program Execution (Process) • Interrupts • Modes • Memory Management – virtual vs physical • Multitasking – scheduling • File systems – VFS • Device drivers • Networking • Security • User interface (GUI, CLI)

  7. Kernel

  8. File system • Boot block • Super block • Inode Table • Data blocks • User File Descriptor (FD) table • File Table • ls, df, mount (UNIX); Explorer (windows)

  9. File system

  10. Process • Unit of execution • User and kernel mode • Context: stack, registers, PC • thread • Virtual memory – physical memory • ps (UNIX); Process Explorer (Windows)

  11. Process Management

  12. Scheduling Algorithms • FCFS Scheduling • Round Robin Scheduling • Priority Scheduling • Multilevel Queue Scheduling • Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling • SJF Scheduling •  SRT Scheduling

  13. IO subsystem • Open, close, read, write • Character device – ioctl • Block device – strategy • Major, minor device number • Stream – full duplex connection • Buffer cache • Memory mapped IO

  14. Inter process communication • Messages (msg*) • Shared memory (shm*) • Semaphores (sem*) • Sockets • Pipes

  15. Windows 8 features • Metro User Interface • Internet Explorer 10 • Apps and App Store • New Hardware and Form Factors – multitude of devices (touch is primary interface) • Security Changes • Storage Changes (de-dupe, live disk repair) • Virtualization Changes

  16. Hardware Virtualization

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