V-ing 分词概述（一）

1. 分词

2. V-ing分词概述（一） 一 作主语 Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement. Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. 二 作宾语 Would you mind giving a talk today about DNA? If the population keeps growing so quickly, there will only be standing room left for us next century. 三 作表语 The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of this month. Children are afraid of the stone figures in the temple which look so frightening. 四 作介词宾语 However, most of the time, people from the two countries don’t have any difficulty in understanding each other. He took along some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there. 五 作宾语补足语 It could be very interesting to watch an Arab and an Englishman talking together. Then I left him standing by the counter so happy that I almost envied him.

3. Notes • 1．V-ing分词在句中做主语或宾语时，可以带自己的逻辑主语。 • 例如： • There are many reasons for animals dying out, but the most important one is the part that humans have played. • 2. V-ing 分词的否定式由not或never+V-ing构成。 • 例如： • He was disappointed about not being able to take part in the competition. • 3．V-ing 分词有体和语态的变化形式。 • e.g. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is piped directly into the sea without being treated.（一般被动式） • I apologize for being so angry with you.----I apologize for having been so angry with you（完成主动式） • 4．某些动词或只能用分词作宾语。常见的有：mind, escape, miss, practise, suggest, consider, keep, avoid, risk, finish, imagine, dislike, delay etc.

4. Exercises Complete the following sentences, using the words given in V-ing form and try to tell the function of each. encourage, joke, barbecue, leave, live, become, cook, declare, forbid, get 1. ___________ a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries. 2. The new programme of research-oriented study is aimed at __________ students to raise problems and then to solve them on their own. 3. To most, __________ food over a smoky fire has become a thing of the past. However, _________ remains popular in America. 4. When Spaniards arrive in Arizona, they found many Indian tribes _____________ along the river banks and in the mountains. 5. Britney Spears, Pop Princess, is on her way to ___________ one of the hottest pop stars in the world. 6. A man in South Africa is likely to face up to 25 years in jail for ____________ that he was carrying a bomb on an airline flight. 7.Church authorities were surprised at Galileo’s ______________ that the earth moved around the sun. 8. I can’t understand their ______________ to go to the concert given by the Backstreet Boys. 9. Cases of anthrax have caused worldwide fear. What people are doing now is __________ letters containing white powder before opening them. Leaving encouraging cooking barbecuing living becoming joking declaring being forbidden getting

5. Exercises Fill in the following blanks with the right verb forms. A favourite amusement in space is _______________(play) with one’s food. Instead of ____________ (carry) food all the way to their mouths, some experienced astronauts like ________________(throw) food from spoons. Although _________(drink) coffee seems like the most natural thing on earth, in space it won’t ___________(work). If you tried __________(trip) the cup back to take a drink, the weightless coffee would not ________(roll) out. If you don’t start __________________ (drink) your blob with a straw, it will attach itself to the nearest wall or window. playing carrying throwing/ to throw drinking work tipping roll drinking/to drink

6. V-ing分词概述（二） 一 作名词的前置修饰语 When they reached the burning building, they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped 二 作名词的后置修饰语 Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the Sun.(coming from the stars 相当于定语从句 which comes from the stars.) 三 作状语 1 Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the pipe at the lion and fired.（V-ing 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语是he；walking的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，相当于While/When(he was )walking slowly across the grass ） 2 Dr Manette, having been kept a prisoner in the Bastile, Paris ‘s most important prison, for many years, had recently been set free. (V-ing分词短语在句中作时间状语，用的是完成被动式，意思相当于After Dr Manette had been kept… for many years ….)

7. 3The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country, having lived such ahard life for so long, took up their guns and knifes and began to kill the rich nobles. (V-ing分词短语表示原因，其完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，其逻辑主语是the poor of the cities and the peasants in the country，与句子主语一致。) 4 The fish have very sharp teeth; they can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones. (分词短语作结果状语，其逻辑主语是the fish，与句子主语一致。) 5 The sperm whale therefore has to look for the squid, using soundwaves.(V-ing分词短语表示行为方式；using与句子谓语动词has to look for同时发生。) 6 Piles of stones lie in a corner of the courtyard, waiting to be replaced. (V-ing分词短语表示与谓语动词lie同时发生的伴随动作；其逻辑主语是piles of stones，与句子的主语一致。)

8. V-ed分词概述 一 作表语 One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted. (表示主语所处的状态。) 二 作宾语补足语 1. Then we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not just by words. 2. In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. 三 作名词的前置或后置修饰语 1. When we arrived, we were given printed question papers. 2. We had our picnic lunch in the forest next to a fallen tree. (前置。fall是不及物动词，fallen在这里表示主动的完成意义。) 3. It came from the work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa. (后置。相当于定语从句… which were sung by black people…)

9. 四 作状语 1 Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because two-thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast oceans. (作时间状语或条件状语，相当于When/If the earth is seen from space, it looks blue.) 2 Well known for his experts advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. (作原因状语，相当于As he was well known for his expert advice, he was….) 3 Bitten by a snake, you should send for help. (作条件状语，相当于If you are bitten by a snake, you should….) 4 The room, although supposed to be kept locked, was often left open. (作让步状语，其逻辑状语是the room；当过去分词作时间，条件，让步等状语时，其前还可加when, once, if, although等连词.) 5“Dr Watson and I will spend the night, locked in your room.”(作状语，表示伴随状况或方式。)

10. Exercises Complete each of the following sentences using V-ing or V-ed forms. 1. While we were backpacking in the mountains, we admired the scenery around us. 2. Einstein was a shy person, so he found it hard to get along with the other boys. 3.Aspirin was sold by a German company for the first time in 1899, but it has been around much longer than that. 4. Many of the trains are likely to be operated by computer in the future and they will have no drivers. 5 Mr Holmes and Dr Watson followed the girl up the stairs to her room. The girl went up the stairs to her room,_______________________ Backpacking in the mountains, we admired the scenery around us. Being a shy person, he found it hard to get along with the other boys. Although sold by a German company for the first time in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. If operated by computer in the future, they will have no drivers. followed by Mr Holmes and Dr Watson

11. 6.After he had spent three hours doing his homework, he was completely worn out. 7 When he was asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful. 8 The ship caught in a severe storm was traveling to the west coast of the United Korea. The ship ___________________________________________________ was caught in a severe storm. 9. Holmes carefully examined the seat of the chair. The chair stood against the wall. The seat of the chair ________________________ was carefully examined by Holmes. 10. The boys walked round the town centre. They looked at the sights and took photos. The boys walked round the town centre,_______________ Having spent three hours doing his homework, he was completely worn out. When asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful. travelling to the west coast of the United States from Korea standing against the wall looking at the signs and taking photos

12. Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences. Put a tick if the sentence is correct. 1. Feeing tired, so I went to bed early. 2. A husband and wife usually call each other by their first names when speaking to their friends. 3. In the Bastille Monsieur Defarge found the letter being written by Dr Manette. 4. Having never gone skiing, I decided to take lessons. 5. Walking along the street, I noticed a small ice-cream store almost hidden between a department store and a bank 6. Carrying a flashlight, the path could be seen clearly. 7. Doing all their shopping, they went home for a rest. 8. Got to the daycare centre, she saw her daughter holding the new doll and screaming. 9. Did you notice that Alex behaved quite differently in many ways comparing to us Chinese? 10. Born in an artistic family in Dalian, Qin Haiu joined the Yingkou Drama School to learn Peking Opera at the age of ten and became a top student. 正确 去掉 Never having 正确 we could see the path Having done Getting compared 正确

13. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. Dye, connect, attract, start, cross, live, demand, rise, end, order 1. Haloween is a traditional holiday in the UK and US that falls on Oct.31. After dark children go to houses,___________ candy from their neighbours. 2. _____________ by China’s huge Internet user population and e-commerce market, they are planning to move their headquarters from the United States to China. 3. My whole family have promised to keep their fingers ___________ when I got for my job interview. 4. China joined the WTO on Nov.10th, 2001,_____________ 15 years of negotiations. .5. When ___________ a conversation, one can never ask such questions as these: How old are you? What’s your salary? Where did you buy your new dress? 6. Anna Kournikova, Tennis Beauty, is the center of public attention. She is said to be the major reason for the __________ interest in women’s tennis. 7. Have you ever heard of the custom of _______________ Ester eggs? Christians have long used the egg as the symbol of Christ’s rebirth. 8. Some people drink too much alcohol. Some of the problems ________________ with too much drinking are poor health, accidents and crime. 9. Hundreds of Turkish female civil servants wore trousers to work last month to protest against a dress code ____________ women in public sectors to wear skirts. demanding Attracted crossed ending starting rising dyeing connected ordering

14. Composition 请你以为题用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍《21世纪报》。短问须包括下面表格中所提供的内容。 报纸名称：21Century，英文报纸 出版地点：每周一期 报纸内容：每周新闻，今日世界，语言课堂，体育与音乐，学生报导 特色：图文并茂 目的：学习英语词汇，提高英语水平，获取信息 an English language newspaper It is published in Beijing each week It has sections of different kinds, including News of the Week, Today’s World, Language Class, Sports and Music and Students’ Report There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles in it. I read it to learn new words, improve my English, get information.