Legal English Usage Research: - access* -

1. Example 3: a general/academic termSample annotated 10-slide Student PowerPoint Presentation of a general/academic term selected for research in the Legal Vocabulary database and ConcordancerApril, 2006 - This offers an idea of how a more general term can be researched and presented in legal contexts Legal English Usage Research:- access* -

2. ACCESS – by Yorkie Tai • Meaning: to be able to enter / contact / reach • Example: The commissioner enjoys access to information denied to depositors and which in the absence of the statutory powers he would not be entitled to obtain from the company. - Yuen Kun Yue • Parts of speech - access (n) - access (v) - accessible (adj) - accessibility (n)

3. Access (n) • The most common usage: someone has accessto something *something* can be premises, documents [or the court] • Access to the premises occupier of the site. D1 had access to the whole site; it was pershipyard/workshop and it had access to the whole site. D1 was sub • Access to documents/information confidant was Mr. Wright who had access to that information by virtuerecipient departments who had had access to the minute that had been to the document would have had access to security documents. It wasthe class of persons who had access to these documents". One cannotever his or her position, had access to information involving nationalfrom a position in which he had access to classified material. The ether a civil servant who had access to documents marked "Secret" of persons who might have had access to the document in course of secret" would necessarily have access also to documents bearing a political document would have access to sensitive material. They ministries at any rate, have access to many documents classified that civil servants who have access to a document that is classified individual officers do not have access to enough information to decideaccomplice, the plaintiff will have access to the defendant's sources.

4. The acquiring of access Sb can acquire access to sth (active) --- • Gain access to dishonest persons might gain access to the premises, and it seemswith others was able to gain access to the restricted area and hiin order for a guest to gain access to both the wedding ceremony would not be permitted to gain access to the wedding or reception sbroken into or otherwise gained access to a place where the victim ithree police officers gained access to confidential information i there was no way of gaining access to the ballroom of the Plaza prevent the boys from gaining access to the yachts. The boys wereand the difficulty of gaining access to it clearly called for a pr • Get access to a place where snails can get access to them, and to fill his bott so soon as the pursuer got access to the lamp, an explosion was Sb can be granted access to sth (passive) --- • Be allowed access to litigant will not be allowed access to information necessary for government would not be allowed access to the courts of Australia to

5. The granting of access Sb can give access to sth to another person --- • Give / provide access to defendant of a highway giving access to the plaintiffs' premises. an ordinary side road giving access to a number of private houses ts to which the road provides access. (Replaced 37 of 1961 s. 4) s to which such road provides access; (Added 44 of 1959 s. 2) "grted a right of way, providing access only to buildings used or int Sb can help another person to gain access to sth --- • Facilitate access to person's power to facilitate access to benefits, facilities or se

6. The restriction of access Total restriction of access --- • Exclude / cut-off / deny access to s.th. lass, which not only excluded access to the contents before consum (gate C) without cutting off access to pens three and four. As ang played without cutting off access to two sections which were alwas not previously to cut off access to the central pens which weruter gate without cutting off access to the pens. Liability for the ground without cutting off access to two spectator pens from wh mbership; (c) by denying her access, or limiting her access, to a Partial restriction of access --- • Limit access to (partial restriction) g her access, or limiting her access, to any benefit, service or f

7. The state of having access • with accessto s.th. group of public servants with access to such a document in the couhigh or low, as someone with access to information affecting natihe untrustworthy servant with access to secret documents was a thrrvant remained in office with access to secret documents, he or shin a senior position and with access to highly classified materialone in a senior position with access to highly classified materialmpt to restrain everyone with access to the knowledge from making to the media by someone with access to such information, that thequestion whether people with access to the document would have ha • enjoy accessto s.th. ors. The commissioner enjoys' access to information denied to depo

8. Other common expressions / usage • Means of access are to provide a safe means of access and/or egress? The plaintiffpremises; and (b) the means of access to and egress from the premisesprovide or maintain means of access to and egress from the workplacemaintain or repair a means of access to, or egress from, premises and maintenance of means of access to and egress from it that are age accommodation or means of access) shared by the relevant occupieror alteration of any means of access or opening to or from any * note the use of the phrase “access to and egress from”* • Right of access f Audit shall have a right of access at all reasonable times to alsuch the public have a right of access. (Added 6 of 1973 s. 2) Ch (1) shall have a right of access at all reasonable times to th • Access road / tunnel (access as an adjective) of a new access road or an access road to which alterations arement; (d) in the case of an access road, the place at or manner street, and in the case of an access road the owners of premises verifies that the lighting of an access road is in the public interest or (b) in the case of an access road, in proportion to the armaintenance of private streets and access roads Version Date: 30/06/1purpose including its associated access tunnels and access shafts, p

9. Adjectives before access (n) • Full / unhindered / unobstructed (extent) itors and who would have full accessto the company's books, wouldtizens should have unhindered accessto the constitutionally estabn of a virtually unobstructed accessto and diffusion of ideas. Pa • Direct / indirect (directness) ut is entitled to have direct access at any time to the Prime Mini tion: 56 Heading: Indirect accessto benefits, etc. Version Da • Authorized / lawful (legitimacy) service who had authorised accessto the document have been ask which he alone enjoys lawful access. Unless he exercises his powe • Others: intended / public / ready / reasonable / safe in his opinion the intendedaccess or opening to or from any strblic Record Office for publicaccess. The effect of this is that tewly-born baby there is readyaccessfor the catheter to the blood in being afforded reasonableaccessto relevant information and t suitable and sufficient safeaccessto and egress from every plac

10. Accessible (adj) • Word before: adequately / easily/ generally/ insufficiently / widely that a law must be adequately accessible in the sense that it gives a t, the law must be adequately accessible: the citizen must be able ??ain and that it be adequately accessible ( Sunday Times v United Kingdd be identifiable, adequately accessible and sufficiently precise; seet, the law must be adequately accessible: the citizen must be able to t, the law must be adequately accessible: the citizen must be able to ing and the boats were easily accessible and constituted a natural temn in question is so generally accessible that, in all the circumstancece, the law is insufficiently accessible and contravenes art 39 of thect the readership of a widely accessible book in this way is unaccepta • Word after: To (a person) which might not otherwise be accessible to the public. That is not toaccounts were, as in England, accessible to the public. The circumsta From (a place) pe would presumably be a boat accessible from the shore of the island.

11. Final Remark • Do not mix up aCCess with aSSess <weigh up, measure and determine> • An example from a student’s script: “In this paper firstly I will brief the Tse Ngan Heung v Ritz-Carlton Ltd. [2002] 3 HKLRD 311 case related to vicarious liability then apply it to the University’s case and finally I will accessthe chance of success of our client.” Text from: law/VicariousLiabilityScripts.txt