Lecture # 2: Historical Stages of Early Man

1. Lecture # 2: Historical Stages of Early Man Objectives To Discuss the origin and development of man: debate between Darwinism vs. modern science & Islam To Discuss the different types of early man & races To Discuss the debate concerning timelines of world history & civilization between modern science and Islam Presented by Abul Kalam AzadSenior Lecturer, GED, NUBE-mail: kalamadd@gmail.com

2. Origin & Development of Man: Debate between Darwinism Vs. Modern Science & Islam • Since the subject matter of the course is man and their cultures and civilizations, we need to, first of all, discuss the origin and development of man. Secondly, we’ll discuss the culture and civilization recorded in the history. • However, there are some debates to detect the origin of early man. Whereas, Darwinism (which was based on scientific orientation) postulates that early man evolved from apes, this notion has been seriously criticized by modern science of the present time and Islam.

3. Darwinism: Darwin tried to establish his theory of human evolution from apes on some elements & principles:

4. Fossil Records

5. Darwinism Refuted by Recent Modern Science & Islam • Stanley Miller, whose experiments are cited in most biology text books, says that the origin of life is still unknown. To him, Darwinism is not consistent with scientific observation. • Leading mathematicians in the century said that the probabilities of a cell or a protein molecule coming into existence were nil. They even constructed a model of a large computer and tried to figure out the possibilities of a cell ever happening. The result was zero possibility! - Wistar Institute, 1966

6. Harun Yahya refuted Darwinism for human cell consists of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, minerals, Water etc. So, the probability of automatic or random chemical compound of cell is zero since the simplest Protein consists of 50 amino acids. • Islam also rejected Darwinism since Islam says the first man is Adam that was created by Allah Subhanuhu wa tala.

7. Profile of Early Types of Man

8. Profile of Early Types of Man

9. Transition to Modern Man • Modern man differs from earlier types in at least three basic structural characteristics. His skeleton is less massive and much better adapted for speed and quickness. The brain case (container) is longer and broader. There is confusion as to how and when that transition took place.

10. Racial Types • On the basis of the characteristics of the structure, character of lower jaw, nasal form, color, hair, head shape we can divide the modern man into four groups. They are – 1. Australoid 2. Mongoloid 3. Negroid 4. Caucasian

11. Racial Types

12. 1 Human History • 1.1 Prehistorical periods (The Stone Age , The Bronze Age & The Iron Age)* • 1.2 Historical periods * • 1.3 Calendar systems • 1.4 Mythological and astrological time periods • 2 Cosmological History (origin and evolution of our universe) • 2.1 13.7 billion years (1370,0000000) ago: The Big Bang • 2.2 Formation of Population I stars • 3 Geologic time periods (origin and evolution of earth)

13. 1 Human time periods • These can be divided broadly into prehistorical (before history began to be recorded) and historical periods (when written records began to be kept). • Prehistorical periods In archaeology and anthropology, human prehistory is subdivided around the three-age system.

14. TheStone Age: the early period in human history when people made tools and weapons only out of stone. • The Bronze (An alloy of copper and tin) Age: the time in the past when tools and weapons were made of bronze, before iron was discovered. • The Iron Age: the period in early history starting about 1100 BC when iron was used for tools

15. Historical periods • Ancient history • Mesopotamia (3500 BC - 559 BC) • Indus Valley Civilization (3300 BC- 1300 BC) • Old Kingdom (Egypt, 3000 BC - 2000 BC) • Middle Kingdom (Egypt, 2000 BC - 1300 BC) • Shang Dynasty (China 1600 BC - 1046 BC) • Vedic period (India 1500 BC - 500 BC) • New Kingdom (Egypt, 1550 BC - 1070 BC) • Zhou Dynasty (China 1200 BC - 500 BC)

16. Ancient Greece (3300 BC- 31 BC) • Jomon period (Japan 800 BC- 400 BC) • Ancient Rome (509 BC-AD 476) • Yayoi period (Japan 400 BC — AD 300) • Kofun period (Japan 300 - 600) • Migration period (Europe 200 - 700) • Coptic period (Egypt 300 - 900)

17. Early Middle Period (500 – 1500) • Feudalism and State, Feudalism and Church (500 – 1000) • The Rise of Muslim Civilization (500 – 1000) • Social Change: The Bourgeoisie, The Nobility and The Peasantry (1000 – 1300) • The Decline of Church (1300 – 1500)

18. Modern Period (1500 +) • The Renaissance (Europe, 14th - 16th century) • The Protestant Reformation (Europe, 16th cen) • Overseas Colonialism and Competition of Empire • Enlightenment (18th Century) • The Industrial revolution in England (18th &19th centuries) • The French Revolution (18th &19th centuries) • Politics in the Age of Progress (1871-1914) • The World War 1 and League of Nations (1914 - 1918)

19. Rise of Communism, Fascism and Authoritarianism • The World War 11 and Formation of UNO (1937 or 1939 - 1945) • The Cold War era (1945 - 1989 or 1991) • The Post-Cold War Era