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Catalysts and Rate of Reaction

Catalysts and Rate of Reaction. Marco, Kana & Hafiz 11 Science. Rate of reaction. “change in the amount of reactants and products over time” Collision theory: chemical particles need to collide with each other in order to react. Therefore, rate of reaction ≈ rate of particle collision.

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Catalysts and Rate of Reaction

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  1. Catalysts and Rate of Reaction Marco, Kana & Hafiz 11 Science

  2. Rate of reaction “change in the amount of reactants and products over time” • Collision theory: chemical particles need to collide with each other in order to react. • Therefore, rate of reaction ≈ rate of particle collision.

  3. But… • Particles need to collide with a certain amount of energy (called activation energy) to react. • When collisions happen with less energy than needed, the particles fail to react. not enough energy no reaction …..

  4. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution “particles in a mixture move (and collide) with different velocities and energy levels” Only a small number of particles actually have the energy to react upon colliding. To increase the rate of reaction, we need to increase the number of successful collisions.

  5. Catalysts • are substances that lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction. • When catalysts are applied, particle collisions with less energy can produce reactions as well.

  6. Examples Catalysts speed up and increase the output of chemical reactions, but are chemically unchanged in the end.

  7. Enzymes • are biological catalysts in our body that speed up the breakdown or buildup of biological substances. • Enzymes lower the activation energy by fusing with the reactant (substrate). Once done, it separates with the products.

  8. Sources • Helmenstine, A. M. “Types of Chemical Reactions”. About.com Chemistry. 14 November 2011 <http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalreactions/a/reactiontypes.htm> • Carpi, A. (2003) “Chemical Bonding”. Visionlearning. 14 November 2011. <http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=55> • “What is electricity?”. Energy Quest. 14 November 2011 <http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter02.html> • Dall, R. “Atoms and the Definition of Electricity”. Electronics Theory.com. 14 November 2011. <http://www.electronicstheory.com/html/e101-2.htm> • Anonymous. 29 April 2010. “Civilizations, Ancient and Present, Depend on Water”. 14 November 2011. <http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/04/civilization-water> • Biel, Timothy Levi. Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter. Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 1990. • Eisenbud, Merrill and Thomas F. Gessell. Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial & Military Sources. Maryland Heights: Academic Press, 1997. • Morris, Neil. Nuclear Power. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2007. • Podgoršak, Ervin B. Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

  9. Thank You

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