Ethics: From Aristotle to Generation Z Steve Franklin, MSW, LCSW SteveFranklinMSW

1. Ethics: From Aristotle to Generation Z Steve Franklin, MSW, LCSW www.SteveFranklinMSW.com

2. Aristotle: “Ethics” 'Chief Good' is, 'that which all things aim at,... The knowledge of it must have great weight; and like archers, with a mark in view, we shall be more likely to hit upon what is right.

3. values determine what is right and what is wrong, and Doing what is right or wrong is what we mean by ethics …

4. to behave ethically is to behave in a manner that is consistent with what is generally considered to be right or moral Ethical behavior is the bedrock of mutual trust

5. to behave ethically is to behave in a manner that is consistent with what is generally considered to be right or moral Ethical behavior is the bedrock of mutual trust (National Defense University for U.S. Army )

6. Values are the rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad. They also tell us which are more or less important, which is useful when we have to trade off meeting one value over another.

7. Ethical Dilemmasallfreeessays.com A Summary Of Forester-Miller, H., & Davis, T.E. (1995). A Practitioner’S Guide To Ethical Decision Making. Alexandria, Va: American Counseling Association

8. Ethical Dilemmas (1) identify the problem; (2) apply your Code of Ethics; (3) determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma; (4) generate potential courses of action; (5) consider the potential consequences of all options…then determine a course of action; (6) evaluate the selected course of action; (Three Tests) (7) implement this action.

9. Ethical Dilemmas • identify the problem gather data; be specific and objective: ethical? Legal? Clinical?

10. Ethical Dilemmas (2) apply your Code of Ethics

11. Ethical Dilemmas (3) determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma; conflicting values? Legal, ethical or moral obligations? What principles apply? What is your bias (what answer are you hoping for)?

12. Ethical Dilemmas (4) generate potential courses of action; brainstorm consult survey

13. Ethical Dilemmas (5) consider the potential consequences of all options and then determine a course of action

14. Ethical Dilemmas (6) evaluate the selected course of action;  Stadler (1986): Three tests • Test of Justice: would you treat others the same in this situation • Test of Publicity: would want your behavior reported in the press. • Test of Universality: would you recommend same course of action to another counselor in the same situation

15. Ethical Dilemmas (Return to step 1 if solutions aren’t satisfactory) (7) implement this action. Document!

16. Media of communication and data storage • Competency to practice • Protection of client privacy

17. Vocal/person-to-person • Human brain expanded to accommodate gossip. • Eavesdropping (non-electronic) • Information can be shared. • Information can misremembered, misrepresented, lied about, forgotten

18. Stone Tablets • Long-lasting • Hard to shred • Hard to redact • But at least it’s “set in stone”

19. Paper • Mail: Where is it delivered? Where is it picked up? • Shredding • Are files secure? • Can be copied. • Copies may fade over time • May be illegible

20. Fax Invented around 1850 • Who else might see a fax you receive • Who else might see a fax you send? • Do you have the right number? • No encryption involved with FAX; • hard wired transmission; some consider it more secure. • Use partial SS#/ID when practical • Efax-type (fax server)

21. Phone Land line • Susceptible to being tapped • Call clients from home? • Voice mail • Extension line • *67/callbacks

22. Cellular Phone • Password protected? • Would a family member ever pick up … see text messages/caller ID? • Can be intercepted • Voice Mail

23. Text Messaging • Evolving Etiquette, style • Rules elucidated • because they are broken!

24. Don’t text while in a face-to-face conversation • SMS shouldn't be used for formal communications, such as breaking up • Don’t jump to conclusions or get offended if you don’t get a reply. • Be aware of your tone. (You will be misconstrued.) • Don't SMS while you're driving.

25. Leave the slang to the kids. • Remember that SMS can be traced. • Be conscientious of others' schedules. • If it's immediate, make a voice call. • Remember that your phone does have an off button. • + • Make sure you have the right address! • DON’T WRITE IN ALL CAPITALS

26. Abbreviations • A3  Anytime, anywhere, anyplaceAAF  As a matter of factAAK  Asleep at keyboardAAMOI  As a matter of interestAAP  Always a pleasureAAR  At any rateAAS  Alive and smilingACK  AcknowledgeADD  AddressADN  Any day nowADR  AddressAEAP  As early as possible

27. AFAIK  As far as I knowAFK  Away from keyboardAFPOE  A fresh pair of eyesAIGHT  AlrightAISB  As it should beAKA  Also known asALCON  All concernedAML  All my loveAOTA  All of the aboveASAP  As soon as possibleA/S/L  Age/sex/locationASL  Age/sex/locationAT  At your terminalATM  At the momentAWOL  Away without leavingAYEC  At your earliest convenienceAYOR  At your own riskAYSOS  Are you stupid or somethingAYTMTB  And you're telling me this because B/F  BoyfriendB4  BeforeB4N   Bye for nowBAK  Back at keyboardBAU  Business as usualBB  Be backBBIAF  Be back in a fewBBIAM  Be back in a minuteBBIAS  Be back in a secBBL  Be back laterBBQ  Be back quicklyBBS  Be back soonBBT  Be back tomorrowBC  BecauseBCNU  Be seein' youBCOS  BecauseBF  Best friend

28. BDN  Big damn numberBFN  Bye for nowBG  Big grinBGWM  Be gentle with meBFG  Big  f***ing grinBIOYN  Blow it out your noseBLNT  Better luck next timeBM&Y  Between me and youBOL  Best of luckBPLM  Big person little mindBRB  Be right backBRT  Be right thereBTA  But then againBTDT  Been there, done thatBTW  By the wayCMIIW  Correct me if I'm wrongCMON  Come onCOB  Close of businessCOS  BecauseC/P  Cross postCR8  CreateCRB  Come right backCRBT  Crying really big tearsCU  See youCUA  See you aroundCUL  See you laterCUL8R  See you laterCWYL  Chat with you laterCYA  See yaCYO  See you onlineD/L  DownloadDL  DownloadDEGT  Don't even go thereDIKU  Do I know you?DQMOT  Don't quote me on thisDTS  Don't think soDV8  DeviateEBKAC  Error between keyboard and chairEF4T  EffortEG  Evil grinEMA  E-mail addressEMFBI  Excuse me for butting inEMSG  E-mail messageENUF  EnoughEOD  End of dayEOM  End of messageEVA  EverEZY  EasyF2F  Face to faceF2T  Free to talkFBM  Fine by meFC  Fingers crossedFICCL  Frankly I couldn't care a lessFISH  First in, still hereFOMCL  Falling off my chair laughingFITB  Fill in the blank

29. FRT  For real thoughFWIW  For what it's worthFYEO  For your eyes onlyFYI  For your informationG  GrinG/F  GirlfriendG2CU   Good to see youG2G   Got to goG2R   Got to runG9  GeniusGA   Go aheadGAL  Get a lifeGB   GoodbyeGBU  God bless youGDR  Grinning, ducking, and runningGD/R  Grinning, ducking, and runningGFI  Go for itGG   Gotta Go or Good GameGIAR  Give it a restGIGO  Garbage in, garbage outGL  Good luckGL/HF  Good luck, have funGLNG  Good luck next gameGMTA  Great minds think alikeGOI  Get over itGOL  Giggling out loudGR8  GreatGR&D  Grinning, running and duckingGT  Good tryGTG  Got to goGTRM  Going to read mailH&K  Hugs & kissesH2CUS  Hope to see you soonH8  HateHAGN  Have a good nightHAGO  Have a good oneHAND  Have a nice dayHF  Have funHHIS  Head hanging in shameHOAS  Hold on a secondHRU  How are you?HTH  Hope this helpsHV  HaveIAC  In any caseIANAL  I am not a lawyerIB  I'm backIC  I seeICBW  It could be worseIDK  I don't knowIDTS  I don't think soIDUNNO  I don't knowIG2R   I got to runIIRC  If I remember correctlyILBL8  I'll be late

30. ILU  I love youILY  I love youIM  Instant messageIMHO  In my humble opinionIMNSHO  In my not so humble opinionIMO  In my opinionIMS  I am sorryINAL  I'm not a lawyerIOW  In other wordsIRL  In real lifeIRMC  I rest my caseIUSS  If you say soIYKWIM  If you know what I meanIYO  In your opinionIYSS  If you say so • J00R   YourJAC   Just a secJIC   Just in caseJJA    Just joking aroundJK   Just kiddingJMO   Just my opinionJP   Just playingK8T   Katiek/b   KeyboardKB   KeyboardKISS   Keep it simple, stupidKIT   Keep in touchKOC   Kiss on cheekKOTC   Kiss on the cheekKOTL   Kiss on the lipsKNIM   Know what I mean?l33t   Leet, meaning "elite"L8R   LaterLD   Later, dude / Long distanceLERK   Leaving easy reach of keyboardLMAO   Laughing my a** offLOL   Laughing out loudLTM   Laugh to myselfLTNS   Long time no seeLYLAS   Love you like a sisM8   MateMFI   Mad for itMorF   Male or female?MoS   Mother over shoulderMSG   MessageMTF   More to followMTFBWU   May the force be with youMUSM   Miss you so muchMYOB   Mind your own businessn00b   NewbieN1   Nice oneNBD   No big dealNE   AnyNE1   AnyoneNFM   None for me / Not for meNIMBY   Not in my back yard

31. NLT   No later thanNM   Nothing much / Never mindNMH   Not much hereNO1   No oneNOYB   None of your businessNP   No problemNRN   No response/reply necessaryNVM   Never mindNW   No wayNW)   No way outOIC   Oh, I seeOMG   Oh my GodOMW   On my wayOO   Over and outOOH   Out of hereOOTD   One of these daysOP   On phoneOTB   Off to bedOTL   Out to lunchOTOH   On the other handOTT   Over the topOTTOMH   Off the top of my headOTW   Off to workOVA   OverPCM   Please call mePDQ   Pretty darn quickPLMK   Please let me knowPLS   PleasePLZ   PleasePM   Private MessagePMFI   Pardon me for interruptingPMFJI   Pardon me for jumping inPOAHF   Put on a happy facePOS   Parent over shoulderPPL   PeoplePROLLY   ProbablyPRT   PartyPRW   People/parents are watchingPTL   Praise the LordPTMM   Please tell me morePXT   Please explain thatPU   That stinks!Q   QueueQIK   QuickQT   Cutie

32. RL   Real lifeRP   Role playRME   Rolling my eyesROFL   Rolling on floor laughingROTFL   Rolling on the floor laughingROTFLUTS  Rolling on the floor laughing unable to speakRSN   Real soon nowRTFM   Read the f***ing manualRUOK   Are you okay? • SAL  Such a laughSC  Stay coolSETE  Smiling Ear-to-EarSICNR  Sorry, I could not resistSIG2R   Sorry, I got to runSIS  Snickering in silenceSIT  Stay in touchSLAP  Sounds like a planSMHID  Scratching my head in disbeliefSNAFU  Situation normal all fouled upSO  Significant otherSOL  Sooner or laterSOMY  Sick of me yet?SOTMG  Short of time, must goSPK  SpeakSPST  Same place, same timeSRY  SorrySS  So sorrySSDD  Same stuff, different daySSINF  So stupid it's not funnySTR8  StraightSTW  Search the WebSUITM  See you in the morningSUL  See you laterSUP  What's up?SYL  See you laterT+  Think positiveTA  Thanks a lotTAFN  That's all for nowTAM  Tomorrow a.m.TBC  To be continuedTBD  To be determinedTBH  To be honestTC  Take careTGIF  Thank God it's FridayTHX  Thanks

33. THNX  ThanksTHNQ  Thank-youTIA  Thanks in advanceTIAD  Tomorrow is another dayTLK2UL8R Talk to you laterTMB  Text me backTMI  Too much informationTMOT  Trust me on thisTMWFI  Take my word for itTNSTAAFL There's no such thing as a free lunchTPM  Tomorrow p.m.TPTB  The powers that beTSTB  The sooner, the betterTTFN  Ta ta for nowTTTT  These things take timeTTYL  Talk to you laterTTYS  Talk to you soonTU  Thank youTY  Thank youTYT   Take your timeTYVM  Thank you very muchUCMU  You crack me upUGTBK  You've got to be kiddingUKTR  You know that's rightUL  UploadUR  Your / You'reUV  Unpleasant visualUW  You're welcomeVEG  Very evil grinVFM  Value for moneyVGC  Very good conditionVIP  Very important personVM  Voice mailVSF  Very sad faceWAM  Wait a minuteWAN2TLK  Want to talkWAYF  Where are you from?W/B  Write backWB  Welcome backWC  Who caresWCA  Who cares anywayWIBNI  Wouldn't it be nice ifWDALYIC  Who died and left you in chargeWDYK  What do you know

34. WIIFM  What's in it for me?WISP  Winning is so pleasurableWITW  What in the worldWIU  Wrap it upWK  WeekWKD  WeekendWRT  With regard toWOMBAT  Waste of money, brains and timeWRK  WorkWRUD  What are you doing?WTB  Wanted to buyWTF  What the f**kWTG  Way to goWTH  What the heck? or What the hell?WU?  What's up?WUCIWUG What you see is what you getWUF?  Where you from?WWJD  What would Jesus do?WWYC  Write when you canWYLEI  When you least expect itWYSIWYG What you see is what you getX  KissXLNT  ExcellentYA  YourYBS  You'll be sorryYCMU  You crack me upYGBKM  You've got to be kidding meYKWYCD  You know what you can doYMMV  Your mileage may varyYR  Your YR  Yeah rightYRYOCC  You're running your own cookoo clock YSYD  Yeah sure you do YW  You're welcomeZZZZ  Sleeping (or bored) • @TEOTD   At the end of the day143   I love you2Day   Today2G2BT   Too good to be true2MORO   Tomorrow2NITE   Tonight404   I don't know4EAE   Forever and ever

35. Computer • Password required to boot up? • Password-protected files • Password Protected/encrypted Bit Locker (Windows 7/Vista Enterprise and Ultimate) Virtual disk encryption: free otfe • Password complexity/security • Backup • Hard to erase hard drive (drill bit)

36. Firewall  Windows pretty good, but hackers target VPN (Virtual Private Network): home/office computer remote access with encrypted connection (LT2P is highest level) USB stick can carry virus

37. WifiWireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Password protection? • Without encryption, data can be monitored and recorded • WPA2(WifiProtectedAccess 2); • WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) easier to crack • Wireless Printer

38. Email • Mom: “You don’t know where that’s been!” • Email: “You don’t know where that’s going.”

39. Who else has your email password? • (Office staff? Family?) • Protect it from hijacking • Password complexity • Alert to viruses • Phishing

40. E-mail Policies and Procedures • Standard Turnaround Time for Response • Acceptable Message Content/Purpose • When Not To Use E-mail • Emergencies or Crises

41. Confidentiality and Privacy Identifying code word/phrase Encryption  • Informed Consent to use email • Part of record? • Is it psychotherapy?

42. Advantages • Expanded access/ geographical availability • email avoids scheduling issues • no pressure to think quickly • precise recordkeeping • computer doesn’t interrupt or react in a triggering manner; • travel time & expense, • agopraphobia/social phobics/other trust issues; anxiety/stigma; comfort of home; may feel safer

43. Disadvantages • Miss subtle cues of sound/body language • Miss emotional reassurance and mirroring • Unexpected technical difficulties • Competence in new medium (rhythm) • Boundaries: are emails a session? • Does client have legal recourse? • Informed consent? • What if mandated to clients • Cultural competency if anonymous? • Crises

44. Instant Messaging? Hybrid of email and text Blogs Personal Professional

45. Internet • Password complexity • Unknown sites may try your password elsewhere • Phishing: realistic/official/urgent looking • Don’t click on link to sensitive sites, eg. Bank, email, etc. • Avoid opening files of unknown origin even if you know the “from” • Antivirus software

46. Facebook • Hard for some students/recent graduates to imagine being without it. • Grads becoming cognizant of image they project • What does it mean to “friend” someone? Invitation to your social circle.

47. Facebook • Privacy Settings “Friends Only” “Friends of Friends” (who knows who?) • Groups/Fans of../specialty pages may reveal your personal information • Professional-only page • How do you respond to Wall posts • Do you offer advice? Consolation? Encouragement? • Will “members” identify other members from wall posts?

48. Twitter • Don’t mix professional and personal; could have separate accounts (but keep them straight!) • Tweets are publicly visible by default; however, senders can restrict to just their followers • What would you use it for?

49. Yahoo Listserv • “Members Only” • Best Practices sharing • Brainstorming • Resource referrals • Avoid unnecessary client information. • Is your email secure?

50. e-counseling • Medicare… Fraud, Waste and Abuse Compliance definition includes • “ Providing services over the telephone or Internet and billing using face-to-face codes” • BUT individual /group psychotherapy codes are specified for telehealth