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NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PEACE OPERATIONS

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PEACE OPERATIONS. WORLD BANK NGO DEFINITION. “Private Organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services, or undertake community development.”. NGO’s.

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NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PEACE OPERATIONS

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  1. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PEACE OPERATIONS

  2. WORLD BANK NGO DEFINITION “Private Organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services, or undertake community development.”

  3. NGO’s • Dramatic Growth beginning in 2d half of 20th Century • Over the past several decades, NGOs have become major players in all international relief efforts, development, cause advocacy, and in advancing the concept of a “global civil society” • Billions of dollars spent annually on relief and sustainable development programs 2005 earthquake in Pakistan

  4. WHY THE DRAMATIC GROWTH IN NGOs • Negative Perception of the Welfare State • Development Crisis • Perceived Global Environmental Crisis • Discrediting of Socialism • Communications Revolution • Global Economic Growth

  5. NGOs • Overview • NGOs Play a Key Role in Humanitarian Assistance and Development • NGOs are the Rapid Response element for humanitarian disasters all over the world • “Foot Soldiers” for International relief efforts • Military in Peace SupportOperations will have to work with NGOs

  6. HUMANITARIAN CRISIS RESPONSE ELEMENTS • United Nations System (Agencies) • Official National Donor Government Aid Agencies • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) • International and National NGOs • Coalition Military Forces

  7. GOAL IS: UNITY OF EFFORT Achieved Through: • Consensus • Coordination • Cooperation

  8. UNITY OF EFFORT Must Be Achieved While Recognizing: • Different Cultures of Response Elements • Disparate Assessments • Different Missions & Tasks In Crisis • Diverse Goals

  9. NGOs--WHAT THEY ARE NOT • Not Governments… • Not Businesses...

  10. ANOTHER DEFINITION OF AN NGO “A Self-Governing Private, Not For Profit Organization That Is Geared Toward Improving The Quality Of Life Of Disadvantaged People” Refugees - Kosovo

  11. NGO TYPES The term NGO is very broad and encompasses many different types of organizations • Advocacy NGOs • Operational NGOs • Relief • Development

  12. ADVOCACY NGOs • Their primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause and to influence policies and practices • Examples: Amnesty International and the Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC)

  13. OPERATIONAL NGOs • Their primary purpose is field work in humanitarian relief and design, development and implementation of development related projects. • Operational NGOs are the one’s the military must work with in a cooperative relationship in a PSO

  14. NGOs IN HUMANITARIAN CRISES Provide Life Saving Interventions • Food Distribution • Shelter • Water • Sanitation • Medical Care

  15. OPERATIONAL NGOsORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS • Headquarters in one Country (ICRC) • Many Autonomous National Chapters (Save the Children) • Many National Fund Raising Offices, Pooled Funds, With A Single World-Wide Field Organization (World Vision)

  16. OPERATIONAL NGOsORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS (cont.) • Autonomous National Headquarters with Field Organization. Work Assigned by Central International Organization (CARE) • Field Work Done Only Through Indigenous Local NGOs (Oxfam America)

  17. NGO “CULTURE” SURVEY QUESTION: • Why Work In Relief/Development? • Altruistic—Concern for Others • Financial ---Make Money

  18. MILITARY Controlled Application of Violence Hierarchical Generally Conservative Explicit Mission Statements Not Comfortable With NGOs NGO Help The Disadvantaged Non-Hierarchical Generally Liberal Intangible Missions Not Comfortable With The Military ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES

  19. NGO “CULTURE” Typical Western NGO: • Young & Idealistic • Liberal Arts Degree • Believes in Sustainable Development • Little Formal Operational Doctrine • Few Formal Training Courses • Significant Organizational Competition • Increasing Security Concerns

  20. VOLUNTARY CODE OF CONDUCTFOR RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS • Humanitarian Imperative Comes First • Aid Is Given Regardless of Race, Creed or Nationality on the Basis of Need Alone • Aid Will Not Be Used To Further a Particular Political or Religious Standpoint • We Shall Endeavor Not To Act As Instruments of Government Foreign Policy • We Shall Respect Culture & Custom

  21. VOLUNTARY CODE OF CONDUCT (cont.) • Build Disaster Response On Local Capacities • Involve Program Beneficiaries In The Management of Relief Aid • Reduce Future Vulnerabilities As Well As Meet Basic Needs • NGOs Accountable Both To Beneficiaries & Contributors • Disaster Victims Are Dignified Humans, Not Hopeless Objects

  22. GOVERNING PRINCIPLES • Humanity • Impartiality • Neutrality

  23. UNITED NATIONS AND NGOs • UN Charter • Articles 63 and 64 • Article 71 • UN General Assembly Resolution 43/131 • Importance of NGOs • States to Facilitate Work of NGOs • States to Support to NGOs • Cooperation With Humanitarian Assistance Organizations Set Up by UN • Security Council Chapter 7 Authority to Authorize NGO Humanitarian Relief

  24. RISKS TO NGOs & HUMANITARIAN AID WORKERS • Dangerous Environment • 1994 Safety Convention – Not Solution • Safety Needs – Acceptance, Protection & Deterrence • Safety Aids – Information, Planning, Training, Coordination, Psychological Assistance • Security Council Responsibilities • When to Go / When to Stay

  25. NGO STRENGTHS (World Bank Study) • Strong grassroots links • Field based development expertise • Ability to innovate and adapt • Process oriented approach to development • Participatory methodologies and tools • Long-term commitment and emphasis on sustainability • Cost effectiveness

  26. CRITICISM OF NGOs • Have Lost Their Independence--Just Another Arm Of Governments • Too Close To The Corporate World • Fund Raising Is Their Primary Concern • Excessive Living Standards In The Midst Of Poverty

  27. FIELD COOPERATION MECHANISMS • Coordination Lead Designated by UN • Humanitarian Operations Coordinating Committees (HOCCs) • On-Site Operations Coordinating Centers (OSOCC) • Civil Military Operations Centers (CMOC) • Civil Military Integration Centers (CIMIC)

  28. SUMMARY • Many Participants in Peace Operation • NGOs Play A Key Role In Humanitarian Assistance • Absolutely Necessary To: • UNDERSTAND THE “PLAYERS” • COORDINATION MECHANISMS • PURSUE UNITY OF EFFORT BY EMPHASIZING: COOPERATION-COORDINATION-CONSENSUS

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