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Last Class!

Last Class!. Exam Structure Web sites (a cautionary tale) Australian Territories (see link on course web page for correction to text) Pacific Realm Maritime boundary issues Regions Antarctica. Final: Monday 25 April C-674 2:00 – 4:00. A. Multiple choice: 20 @ 2 = 40

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Last Class!

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  1. Last Class! • Exam Structure • Web sites (a cautionary tale) • Australian Territories (see link on course web page for correction to text) • Pacific Realm • Maritime boundary issues • Regions • Antarctica

  2. Final: Monday 25 AprilC-674 2:00 – 4:00 • A. Multiple choice: 20 @ 2 = 40 • B. Map: 10 @1 = 10 • JaKoTa, SE Asia, Australasia • C. Definitions: ¾ @ 10 = 30 • “Define and illustrate with an example” • D. Essay: 1/3 @ 20 = 20 • 2 hours: Examination book and Scantron • Need pen, pencil, & dictionary if ESL

  3. Final: Monday 25 April C-674 • South America to Pacific • Textbook, virtual field trips, lectures • Multiple choice are mainly regional • Definitions are mainly conceptual • Essays: Integrative, structured, compelling, creative and original

  4. Pacific RealmMajor Geographic Qualities • Largest total area of all realms • Smallest land area • Intensely fragmented & dispersed • High-IslandvsLow-Island dichotomy • Politico-Geographical Transition

  5. Pacific Realm

  6. Survivor: Set in all Three Regions!

  7. Regional Character • 90% of land area in New Guinea • West Papua (Irian Jaya before 2002 – Indonesian province) • Papua New Guinea (PNG) • Colonized/administered by France, Britain, US, Australia, New Zealand • Total Population: 8.5 Million, 60% in PNG • Refuelling, Tourism, Minerals, Fishing • Political Organization • Independent States, Colonies, Dependencies, & Administrative Units • e.g. U.S Trust Territory or Cook Islands (NZ)

  8. Marine Geography • Sub-field of geography concerned with the spatial arrangement of the seas, marine resources and maritime boundaries • Maritime boundaries • Formerly cannon shot then 3 nautical mile limit • UN Conference on Law of the Sea • Territorial Sea (12 Mile Limit) - full sovereignty • Exclusive Economic Zone (200 Miles) – control of resources: • Oil and gas • Fishery • But guarantee of free passage • High Seas – beyond 200 miles, no national claim • Median Line boundaries • Continental Shelf (down to 600 feet (100 fathoms) & out to 200 Miles) • Or more depending on bathymetry and geology

  9. Areas shown in blue are potential areas of an extended continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical mile limit (red) EEZ.

  10. Regions of the Pacific • Melanesia • West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji • Micronesia • Largely U.S. Trust Territory 1945-1980s • Palau, Federated States Of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Republic Of The Marshall Islands, Nauru, Western Kiribati, Guam • Polynesia • Kiribati, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Samoa, American Samoa, Tuvalu, Tonga, French Polynesia, Marquesas

  11. High-Islands • Volcanic origins • High elevations/rugged relief • Well-watered • Good soils, some agriculture • Tend to have larger populations • E.g. New Caledonia, Hawaii

  12. Low-Islands • Majority of realm’s islands • Coral thus little fresh ground water • Low elevation/relief • Vulnerable to • Drought • Inundation by sea level rise/tsunami • Fishing, coconut palm, no minerals • Tourism and internet domains

  13. Coral reef formation

  14. PNG • 5.2 million • Since 1975 • Ethnically diverse: • English and Tok Pisin, a creole • Subsistence slash and burn agriculture, gathering, hunting pigs • Since 1980s: oil, gold, copper • Bougainville in Solomans attempted secession in 1990s

  15. Antarctica • Ice dome – 3.2 kms thick at pole • 5.5 million square miles • (compare North America 7.7 million) • Roald Amundsen, 1911 • Ross Ice Shelf • Multiple Claims • The Antarctic Treaty, 1961 • Promotes scientific collaboration • Prohibits military activity • Territorial claims are held in abeyance

  16. It’s been a great trip…Thank-you!

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