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Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud

Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud. Cortesía De United Soybean Board. US Soybean Statistics. Estadísticas americanas sobre la Soya. 600,000 granjeros de soya 74 millones de acres 2.6 millones de bushels/año US $12 billones /año. 600,000 soybean farmers. 74 million acres

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Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud

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  1. Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud Cortesía De United Soybean Board

  2. US Soybean Statistics Estadísticas americanas sobre la Soya • 600,000 granjeros de soya • 74 millones de acres • 2.6 millones de bushels/año • US $12 billones /año 600,000 soybean farmers • 74 million acres • 2.6 billion bushels/y • $12 billion/y

  3. The Joy of Soy La alegría de la Soya

  4. Actitudes de consumidores americanos hacia la soya –encuesta del 2001 U.S. Consumer Attitudes Toward Soy – 2001 Survey Consider soy products healthy 69% Eat soy products at least once a week 27% Aware of specific health benefits of soy 39% 2001-2002 National Report on Consumer Attitudes About Nutrition, United Soybean Board

  5. Soyfoods Arrive Sales in Million Dollars 2598 1747 1244 940 1990 1996 1998 2000 Year Soyatech, Inc. Soybean Digest, Dec. 2000

  6. The World of Soyfoods • Traditional – miso, tofu, tempeh, soymilk, edamame Photos courtesy of the United Soybean Board

  7. The World of Soyfoods • Traditional – miso, tofu, tempeh • Western or soy protein products • Isolated soy protein, soy protein concentrate, soy flour

  8. The World of Soyfoods • Traditional – miso, tofu, tempeh • Western or soy protein products • Isolated soy protein, soy protein concentrate, soy flour • Second generation SPPs • Burgers, soy nuts, energy bars, breakfast cereals, etc.

  9. Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans (% Kcal) Protein 37% CHO 26% Fat 37%

  10. Composición de macronutrientes en el frijol soya (% Kcal) Proteína 37%

  11. National School Lunch Program • Modification of the Vegetable Protein Products to Include Soy • Meat/soy combination foods help schools meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in a cost-effective way • Soy-enhanced meat products improve the nutritional profile of school meals • Soy offers flexibility and variety in meal planning • Soy-enhanced products are well accepted by students

  12. Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans (% Kcal) Protein 37% Fat 37%

  13. 61% Polyunsaturated fat 24% Monounsaturated fat 15% Saturated fat Soybean Oil – The Balanced Photo courtesy of the United Soybean Board

  14. Soy oil is one of the few good plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids

  15. Omega-3 fatty acids Linolenic acid is essential May  chronic disease risk: Arthritis, cancer, CHD, etc Omega-3 Fatty Acids & Soy oil: Overview Photo courtesy of the United Soybean Board

  16. Isoflavones & Phytoestrogens

  17. Possible Mechanisms for the Biological Effects of Isoflavones • Hormonal • Estrogen-like • Antiestrogenic • Nonhormonal • Signal transduction • Antioxidant effects • Others

  18. Cancer Heart disease Osteoporosis Hot flashes The Role of Soy in Disease Prevention

  19. Soy & Cancer Prevention

  20. Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for Selected Countries Prostate Breast ChinaJapanIndiaFinlandSwedenBasleUSA 19.1 1.8 19.7 6.7 20.8 8.2 34.2 44.7 45.9 60.7 72.1 50.1 53.4 87.0 PCa: Shanghai, Hiroshima, Bombay, Basle, Atlanta (W) BCa: Shanghai, Osaka, Madras, Geneva, San Francisco (W). The Prostate 45: 87, 2000

  21. Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for Selected Countries ChinaJapanIndiaFinlandSwedenBasleUSA 19.1 19.7 20.8 44.7 60.7 72.1 87.0 PCa: Shanghai, Hiroshima, Bombay, Basle, Atlanta (W) BCa: Shanghai, Osaka, Madras, Geneva, San Francisco (W). The Prostate 45: 87, 2000

  22. U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics – FY 2001 • Incidence: No. 1 among women • 192,200 new cases • 31% of all female cancer • Mortality: No. 2 among women • 40,200 deaths • 15% of all female cancer deaths

  23. Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk • Studies highlight the importance of consuming soy early in life • Prepubertal soy isoflavone exposure greatly reduced mammary cancer in adult rats • Data suggest women who consume soy as teenagers have a 50% less risk of developing breast cancer

  24. Teenage (13-15 y) Soy Intake & Adult Breast Cancer Risk (Shanghai: 1459 cases, 1556 cont) 1.00 * * 0.75 * 0.69 0.69 AdjustedOdds ratio * 0.51 <2.2 2.2 4.41 6.61 11 Results: pre/post, x age 47.Other legumesnot protective. Soy protein intake (g/d) CEBP 10: 481, 2001

  25. U.S. Prostate Cancer Statistics • Incidence:No. 1 among men • 31% of all male cancers • 198,100 new cases, FY – 2001 • Mortality:No. 2 among men • 11% of all male cancer deaths • 31,500 deaths, FY - 2001

  26. “Compelling evidence suggests that phytoestrogens may have a distinct role in restraining the events associated with this phase of prostatic carcinogenesis.” International Prostate Health Council Study Group The Prostate 45: 87, 2000

  27. Soymilk Decreases Risk of Prostate Cancer • Studies suggest that soy may reduce the risk of cancer • Results indicate that frequent consumption of soymilk (more than once a day) reduces prostate cancer risk by 70% Jacobsen, BK, Knutsen, SF, Fraser, GE . Does high soymilk intake reduce prostate cancer incidence? The Adventist Health Study (US). Cancer & Control Dec. 1998;9:553-557.

  28. Soy & Heart Disease Prevention

  29. Coronary Heart Disease – U.S. Statistics • No.1 killer, 500,000 deaths/year • Accounts for 20% of all deaths • Twice every minute someone suffers from a coronary event • >7 million have a history of MI • >40 million have  cholesterol

  30. 25 grams of soy protein per day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce risk of heart disease • 6.25 g protein/serving • Low fat (less than 3 grams) • Low saturated fat (less than 1 gram • Low cholesterol (less than 20 mg.)

  31. Circulation 102: 2555, 2000 “…it is prudent to recommend… soy protein foods … to promote heart health.”

  32. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Serum Lipids Anderson et al, 333: 276, 1995

  33. Meta-analysis: Results • 34/38 trials found soy lowered cholesterol • Average of 12.9% decrease in LDL (bad cholesterol) • Slight increase in HDL (good cholesterol) NEJM 333: 276, 1995

  34. Soy Protein and Cholesterol Reduction: Clinical Findings • Inversely related to initial cholesterol level • Considerable individual variation • For those with moderately elevated cholesterol, 5 – 10%  • Effects apparent with 2 – 3 wks

  35. Soy & Bone Health

  36. Osteoporosis & Fractures:U.S. Statistics • 30% of women have osteoporosis • 25% have a vertebral deformity • Lifetime risk of having a hip fracture after age 50: • Women, 18%; Men 6% • Mortality within 1 yr. of a hip fracture • Women, 21%; Men, 36%

  37. Why is soy believed to be good for bone health? • Estrogen-like effects • Ipriflavone Synthetic isoflavone shown to reduce bone loss in peri- & postmenopausal women

  38. Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Bone Health • Isoflavones Inhibit bone resorption Stimulate bone formation • Soy protein calcium excretion

  39. Soy & Prevention of Menopausal Symptoms

  40. Menopause 8 (5), 2001 Ad produced by: Revival Soy Protein

  41. Percentage of Women Reporting Hot Flashes 34.8 30.9 9.7 US Japan Canada Exp Gerontol 29: 307, 1994

  42. Soy and Hot Flashes:Basis for Speculation • Few Japanese women report having hot flashes • Isoflavones are “weak estrogens” • Hypothesis: The estrogen-like properties of isoflavones alleviate hot flashes

  43. Soy & Hot Flashes Most studies show modest benefits at best Possible Explanations: • Works only in some women • More effective at preventing than at alleviating hot flashes • Strong placebo effect associated with relief from hot flashes

  44. Soy and Health: Summary • “Unique” source of isoflavones • Heart Disease: Soy  serum cholesterol -other favorable effects likely • Cancer: Appears to be beneficial in preventing breast and prostate cancer • Osteoporosis: Encouraging results showing increase in bone density, long-term studies needed • Hot flashes: Inconsistent results, perhaps modest benefits

  45. Soy Protein and Isoflavone Intake Recommendations Approved by the FDA • Cholesterol reduction: 25 grams soy protein per day Levels believed to be safe/effective based on collective research data • Cancer, CHD, osteoporosis, & hot flashes: 2 servings/day • Isoflavone intake: 50 mg/day; range, 30-100 mg/day

  46. Iowa State University & Online Database of the Isoflavone Content of Foods www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isoflav.htmlc

  47. How to Meet the 25 Grams-A-Day Soy Protein Recommendation • ¼ cup of firm tofu……………………... 10 grams of soy protein • ½ cup of silken tofu…………….……… 9 grams of soy protein • 2 soy breakfast links………….……… 12 grams of soy protein • 1 soy-based burger…….……….… 10-12 grams of soy protein • 8 ounces of plain soymilk….….……… 7 grams of soy protein • 1 soy protein bar…………….….…..… 14 grams of soy protein • ½ cup cooked soybeans….…….…… 14 grams of soy protein • ½ cup tempeh………………….…..….. 16 grams of soy protein • ½ cup roasted soy nuts………..……. 34 grams of soy protein

  48. Resources • USB – www.soybean.org • SANA – www.soyfoods.org • ASA – www.soygrowers.com • Soyfoods directory – www.talksoy.com

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