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Á L V A R O S Á N C H E Z M O N G E

Centimeter and Millimeter Emission from Selected High-Mass Star-Forming Regions. Á L V A R O S Á N C H E Z M O N G E. B A R C E L O N A - N O V E M B E R 23, 2006. Isolated mode Typically, one star per core of dense gas Low-Mass Star-Forming Regions. Clustered mode

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Á L V A R O S Á N C H E Z M O N G E

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  1. Centimeter and Millimeter Emission from Selected High-Mass Star-Forming Regions Á L V A R O S Á N C H E Z M O N G E B A R C E L O N A - N O V E M B E R 23, 2006

  2. Isolated mode Typically, one star per core of dense gas Low-Mass Star-Forming Regions Clustered mode A group of stars in a single massive dense core Low-Mass Star-Forming Regions High-Mass Star-Forming Regions Our aim is to study YSOs forming in the surroundings of high-mass stars. We need to study the gas and dust condensations with:high-angular resolution.high sensitivity. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS INTRODUCTION STAR FORMATION ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 2

  3. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS SELECTION CRITERIA We want to study the surroundings of high-mass star-forming regions. We need candidatestomassive protostars Selected from the lists compiled by Molinari et al. 1996 (A&A, 308, 573) Mueller et al. 2002 (ApJS, 143, 469) Sridharan et al. 2002 (ApJ, 634, L57) • IRAS bolometric luminosity  1000 L • Distance  3.5 kpc • Strong millimeter emission in single-dish (I1.2 mm  100 mJy beam-1) • Weak centimeter emission (S3.6 cm  10 mJy) to select intermediate/high-mass targets to assures a young evolutionary stage of the massive star-forming region to assures that the HII region is not evolved enough to have disrupted the surrounding material to be sensitive to low-mass condensations of  1 M For 10 regions we found no available cm & mm data in the literature ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 3

  4. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS OBSERVATIONS IRAM 30m MPIfR 117-element bolometer array MAMBO we map the dust continuum emission at 1.2 mm VLA (Very Large Array) we observed the radio-continuum emisson at 3.6 and 1.3 cm ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 4

  5. with the flux density at 3.6 and 1.3 cm we can estimate the spectral index  12 can be classified as HII regions physical parameters of the UCHII regions CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS RESULTS centimeter sources detected in the survey ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 5

  6. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS YOUNG CLUSTERS centimeter compact sources millimeter emission 2MASS source with small infrared excess Young Cluster * * Klein et al. 2005 (ApJSS, 161, 361) ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 6

  7. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS IRAS 00117 + 6412 IRAS 00117 + 6412 L = 1300 L d = 1.8 kpc Spectral index (VLA 2+3): 0.5 ± 0.2 M dust = 40 M Good Candidateto study interactions between YSOs Spectral type: B 2 NH3 detected Black: 3.6 cm White: 1.3 cm Green: 1.2 mm Crosses: 2MASS sources Ellipse: IRAS ellipsoide ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 7

  8. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS IRAS 18171 - 1548 IRAS 18171 - 1548 L = 7900 L d = 2.6 kpc Spectral index (VLA 2): 0.4 ± 0.3 M dust = 160 M Spectral type: B 1 Black: 3.6 cm White: 1.3 cm Green: 1.2 mm Crosses: 2MASS sources Ellipse: IRAS ellipsoide ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 8

  9. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS IRAS 19045 + 0813 IRAS 19045 + 0813 L = 1600 L d = 1.6 kpc Spectral index (VLA 8): 1.0 ± 0.3 M dust = 11 M Spectral type: B 2.5 Black: 3.6 cm White: 1.3 cm Green: 1.2 mm Crosses: 2MASS sources Ellipse: IRAS ellipsoide ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 9

  10. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS EVOLVED PROTOCLUSTERS centimeter compact sources millimeter emission 2MASS source with high infrared excess Evolved ProtoCluster * * Klein et al. 2005 (ApJSS, 161, 361) ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 10

  11. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS IRAS 04579 + 4703 IRAS 04579 + 4703 L = 4000 L d = 2.5 kpc Spectral index (VLA 1): < 1.1 M dust = 26 M Spectral type: B 2.5 NH3 detected Black: 3.6 cm White: 1.3 cm Green: 1.2 mm Crosses: 2MASS sources Ellipse: IRAS ellipsoide ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 11

  12. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS NGC 7538 - IRS 9 NGC 7538 - IRS 9 L = 40000 L d = 2.8 kpc Spectral index (VLA 2): > -1.3 M dust = 40 M Spectral type: B 1 NH3 detected Spectral index (VLA 3): > -0.1 Spectral type: B 1.5 Black: 3.6 cm White: 1.3 cm Green: 1.2 mm Crosses: 2MASS sources Ellipse: IRAS ellipsoide Blue lines: outflows ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 12

  13. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS PROTOCLUSTERS centimeter compact sources millimeter emission no 2MASS source associated ProtoCluster * * Klein et al. 2005 (ApJSS, 161, 361) ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 13

  14. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS IRAS 22198 + 6336 IRAS 22198 + 6336 L = 1300 L d = 1.3 kpc Spectral index (VLA 3): 1.3 ± 0.4 M dust = 25 M The Youngest Massive Starof this Survey Spectral type: B 3 NH3 detected Black: 3.6 cm White: 1.3 cm Green: 1.2 mm Crosses: 2MASS sources Ellipse: IRAS ellipsoide ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 14

  15. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS “EXTRA” centimeter emission displacedwith respect to the millimeter emission no 2MASS associated “Extra” ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 15

  16. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS “EXTRA” (1) IRAS 20293 + 4007 no 2MASS source millimeter emission displaced IRAS 22187 + 5559 no 2MASS source millimeter emission displaced extended emission ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 16

  17. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS “EXTRA” (2) IRAS 23448 + 6010 cluster of 2MASS sources millimeter emission displaced extended emission IRAS 18123 - 1203 no 2MASS source millimeter emission displaced 3.6 cm emission displaced 1.3 cm emission displaced ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 17

  18. CENTIMETER AND MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM SELECTED HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS SUMMARY • We have studied 10 regions at mm & cm wavelengths • We have found 12 HII regions, most of them UCHII regions • In all the cases, a B type star is required to ionize the gas • We can classify the UCHII regions in different evolutionary stages • IRAS 00117+6412 is a good candidate to study the surrounding material (a complete study of this source will be presented in Busquet et al.) ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ MONGE - BARCELONA NOVEMBER 23, 2006 18

  19. Thank You ! Centimeter and Millimeter Emission fromSelected High-Mass Star-Forming Regions Á L V A R O S Á N C H E Z M O N G E B A R C E L O N A - N O V E M B E R 23, 2006

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