Wednesday, March 19

1. Wednesday, March 19 Copy the following definition. • An allusion is a reference to a specific place, a historical event, a famous literary figure, real or fictitious, or a work of art. Allusions can be drawn from history, geography, science, math, religion, or literature. Three different types of allusions are classical, historical, and literary.

2. Independent Practice: ALLUSION • For each of the following sentences, find the allusion and then explain what they mean. • It was such an obvious lie, I was surprised his nose didn’t start growing. • On his first trip to Hawaii, he was so amazed by its beauty that he thought it must be the garden of Eden. • Their relationship didn’t work out in the end- it was a real Romeo and Juliet story. • When the tide came in, their sandcastle was swallowed up like Jonah. • She was on a diet, but French fries were her Achilles’ heel. • I’m just a regular guy. I wasn’t born on Krypton, and I can’t leap tall buildings in a single bound.

3. Homework: ALLUSION • Complete the handout and bring it back to the next class period. • 5 points extra credit on the homework if you can tell me where the creators of the Scream movies got inspiration for the mask…. The mask itself is an allusion to something…

4. March 25 & 26: TONE & MOOD • Tone – the author’s attitude toward his or her subject – established through language, setting, information revealed, order in which information is given, personalities of characters, etc. • EXAMPLE: • Mood – the feeling the reader gets from the text – • EXAMPLE: are light, dark, mysterious, somber, sad, angry, confusing, nervous, etc.

5. Guided Practice: TONE & MOOD • “A Dream within a Dream” – Edgar Allan Poe In visions of the dark night I have dreamed of joy departed – But a waking dream of life and light Hath left me broken-hearted. Ah! What is not a dream by day To him whose eyes are cast On things around him with a ray Turned back upon the past? • ASK YOURSELF: What is the tone? What is the mood?

6. Independent Practice: TONE and MOOD • What tone is created by the words shadow, dismal, grey, and darksome? • Happiness • Fear • Sadness • anger • The wind howled like a banshee, the thunder rolled, and the lightning drew zigzag lines across the sky. With the sights and sounds of the thunderstorm cloaking his room, Charlie awoke from his night’s sleep. As he peeked out from under the covers, a dark, shifting shadow appeared on the wall of his room. For the reader, the selection creates a mood of • peace • fear • safety • humor

7. March 27 and 28: PARALLELISM Copy the following: • Parallelism means that the parts of a sentence are expressed in the same way. In other words, verbs match with verbs, adjectives with adjectives, prepositional phrases with prepositional phrases, clauses with clauses, and so on.

8. Guided Practice: PARALLELISM Parallel • Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. • The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do some warm-up exercises before the game. Nonparallel • The manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.

9. Independent Practice: PARALLELISM • For each of the following sentences, list if it is parallel or nonparallel. If it’s nonparallel, correct it so that it is. 1. Janine likes to dance, sing, and even plays the flute. 2. When I think the rain will never stop, the sun comes out, the birds begin to sing, and the flowers raise their little heads. 3. The housekeeper looked inside the drawers, the bookcase, and under the recliner for the missing belt. 4. The little boy ran under the chair, sprinted around the desk, and crept into the corner in order to catch the big stray cat.

10. Parallelism Answers: • Janine likes to dance, sing, and even plays the flute. • Janine likes to dance, sing, and play the flute. • When I think the rain will never stop, the sun comes out, the birds begin to sing, and the flowers raise their little heads. • correct • The housekeeper looked inside the drawers, the bookcase, and under the recliner for the missing belt. • The housekeeper looked inside the drawers, behind the bookcase, and under the recliner for the missing belt. • The little boy ran under the chair, sprinted around the desk, and crept into the corner in order to catch the big stray cat. • correct

11. April 7 & 8: RELIABLE SOURCES Copy the following: Start evaluating electronic sources at the domain name: • .gov - U.S. government site - http://www.whitehouse.gov • .edu – accredited or reputable college or university http://www.mtsu.edu/ • .com – a commercial site that is created for a profit or to make money - http://www.amazon.com • .org – typically a non-profit organization http://www.cancer.org/ • .net – a network infrastructure (often used for a server that hosts Web sites for others) – http://www.rr1.net These also indicate website credibility: • Author or organization • Purpose (Content) • Domain • Date of publication

12. Guided Practice: RELIABLE SOURCES • Which web site would be the best choice for information about the life of actress Salma Hayek? • a movie website that reviews the actress’s films • A personal blog created by a Salma Hayek fan • The official web site of the Academy Awards • The official Salma Hayek web site • Which web site would be the best choice for information about constructing a bird house? • www.woodworkingprojects.com • www.northamericanbirds.com • www.buybirdhouses.com • www.exoticbirds.com

13. Independent Practice: RELIABLE SOURCES • All of the following items are important in evaluating an article as a reliable source EXCEPT: • The title of the article • The date of publication • The name of the journal • The dates of sources the author used • If a reader wanted to find the most current additional research about global warming and the greenhouse effect, which research source would be MOST appropriate? • An atlas of the United States • Online material from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Articles from Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature • An article from Collier’s Encyclopedia

14. Independent Practice: REALIABLE SOURCES • Which web site would be the best choice for information about adopting a pet? • www.petsupplyextra.com • www.usapetadoptions.com • www.petgrooming.com • www.petcareneeds.com • Which would provide a student with the most reliable information about teens and texting-related highway fatalities? • A newspaper article about the latest texting features of smart phones • A telephone conversation with a local state representative • An official report on the issue put out by the Office of Highway Safety • A personal interview with a member of a highway-construction crew

15. April 11-14: Subject-Verb Agreement Copy the following • Singular and Plural subjects cannot use the same verb. • Ex: Sarahlikes apples. • Ex: The athleteslike apples. • Basic Rules: • Always mark out phrases that come between the subject and the verb • Ex: The woman with all the answers (sit, sits) in the front. • Nouns joined by or = agree verb with the closest noun • Ex: The president or his assistants(run, runs) the office. • Either/Neither are singular unless followed by the OR rule • Ex: Either of the cars (is, are) fine with me. • Ex: Neither my aunt nor her kids (is, are) ever home.

16. Subject-Verb Agreement Guided Practice • John or Kate (watch, watches) my dog when I’m out of town. • The cars in the center showroom (has, have) caught my attention. • Policemen and FBI agents chasing a stolen car (has, have) just driven by my house. • Either Mr. Nolan or Mr. Nance (read, reads) the announcements each day. • Obama and his advisors (fly, flies) to Syria on Tuesday.

17. Subject-Verb Agreement Independent Practice Write the subject and the correct verb. • An atlas or some encyclopedias (is, are) sure to have the answer to your question about the topography of Mexico. • Mr. and Mrs. Johnson (travels, travel) to North Carolina each year. • The assistant principals or Mr. Nolan (monitors, monitor) lunch at Riverdale. • A central part of my life goals (has, have) been to play sports in college. • The computer menu that has ten items on it (is, are) very confusing. • The dog with its many toys (is, are) getting in the way. • Each of the teachers (follow, follows) the rules of the school. • The family of ducks (swim, swims) in the pond. • Either the test or the quizzes (counts, count) 100 pts. • Neither of the two traffic lights (is, are) working.

18. April 9-10: Comma UsageCopy the following Nonessential Elements and Interrupters NONESSENTIAL (needs commas) The man forgot, however, where he had placed his keys. Our neighbor, who is the foreman at the plant, is on vacation. ESSENTIAL (doesn’t need commas) Each student who is going on the field trip must turn in a permission slip. The woman who is running the cash register just went on break. Introductory Words and Phrases • As a matter of fact, he did graduate high school. • To pass the Economics test, you must study very hard. • There are exceptions: • To pass the Economics test without studying is unheard of.

19. Guided Practice: Nonessentials and Interrupters The average world temperature however has continued to rise significantly. Company managers seeking higher profits hired temporary workers to replace full-time staff. The person checking tickets at the counter asked for a form of identification. The sixth-century philosopher Boethius was arrested tortured and bludgeoned to death. Guided Practice: Introductory Words and Phrases • While Jessie was getting ready to go I practiced my lines. • Typically Riverdale’s Spring Break is in March. • Contrary to popular belief Justin Bieber is not cool. At all. • Whatever is going on in the Annex has caused administration to hold the bells.

20. Mark each sentence as Correct or Incorrect. Correct Incorrect sentences. Nonessentials and Interrupters • The game as you remember was a tie. • The French artist Jaques Laurent appeared at a speaking engagement in New York. • Jim Pope, sheriff of Weed County, wanted to question the witness. • The boy, who broke my car window, brought flowers to my house. • Sally, whom you met at last night's dance, wants to know if you found her purse. Introductory Words and Phrases • To stay in shape for competition athletes must exercise every day. • Meanwhile the athletes trained on the Nautilus equipment. • Preparing and submitting his report was one of the most difficult tasks Bill had ever attempted. • To start a new business without doing market research would be foolish. • Barking insistently Smokey got us to throw his ball for him.

21. Getting the Idea: PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT • Special Cases • 3.The pronouns either, neither, other, each, or any that end in –body or –one take a SINGULAR pronoun. • WRONG: Somebody left their umbrella. • RIGHT: Somebody left his or her umbrella. • 4. The pronouns both, few, many, several, and others take a PLURAL pronoun. • WRONG: Few students turned in his or her assignment. • RIGHT: Few students turned in their assignments. • 5. The pronouns all, most, some, any, and none be EITHER singular or plural depending on HOW THEY ARE USED in the sentence. • Use your best judgment. If it can be counted, it is plural. If it cannot be counted it is singular.

22. Guided Practice: PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT • Underline the pronoun and circle the antecedent. Then decide if they agree. If they disagree, write the correction. 1. Either Larry or Ted night lend me their bike. 2. Some of the girls bought her shoes at the mall. 3. Neither Susan nor her friends drove her car to the party. 4. Anyone who turned in a late paper had their grade reduced. 5. Every police officer anticipated the danger they would encounter. 6. Each of the employees got a raise on his or her anniversary with the company.

23. Independent Practice: PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT 1. Read this sentence. Trisha’s parents want her to go to college, and her first choice in Amherst, but Trisha wants to go to Vanderbilt. What is the best replacement for the underlined word? A. hers B. our C. them D. their 2. Read this sentence. We wanted to get his bicycle from the repair shop, but they wasn’t ready. What is the correct way to write this sentence? A. We wanted to get his bicycle from the repair shop, but their wasn’t ready. B. We wanted to get his bicycle from the repair shop, but itwasn’t ready. C. We wanted to get his bicycle from the repair shop, but he wasn’t ready. D. We wanted to get his bicycle from the repair shop, but him wasn’t ready.

24. Homework : PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT • Complete the worksheet over pronoun antecedent agreement and bring it back with you to the next class.